KULTUR 


IN 


CARTOONS 


LOUIS  RAEMAEKERS 


4^ 


r    \ 


pversize 


^^^^    /^.JC 


KULTUR  IN  CARTOONS 


KULTU  R 

IN 

CARTOONS 

BY 

LOUIS  RAEMAEKERS 


WITH  ACCOMPANYING  NOTES  BY 
WELL-KNOWN   ENGLISH  WRITERS 

A  Compa7mm  Volume  to  "Raemaekers'  Cartoons" 

Published  igi6,  and  now  issued  by 

The  Century  Co. 


%cc^^  V 


NEW  YORK 

THE  CENTURY  CO. 

1917 


Copyright,  191 7,  by 
THE  CENTURY  CO. 


Published  October  igiy 


Publishers'  Announcement 

Purchasers  of  "Kultur  in  Cartoons"  may  be  interested  to  know  that 
this  present  work  is  a  companion  volume  to  "  Racmaekers' Cartoons, " 
issued  in  1916.  "Raemaekers'  Cartoons"  includes  many  of  the  artist's 
earher  work,  deahng  particularly  with  the  Belgian  inferno.  The  two 
vokmies  are  ahke  in  size  and  form,  and  together  constitute  a  thoroughly 
representative  collection  of  Raemaekers'  drawings. 

The  Century  Co. 


Foreword 

BY 

J.  Murray  Allison 

A  year  has  passed  since  the  first  volume  of  Raemaekers'  work 
("Raemaekers'  Cartoons,"  Century  Co.),  was  published  in  the 
United  States. 

At  that  time  Raemaekers  was  practically  unknown  in  this  coun- 
try, just  as  he  was  unknown  in  England  and  France  until  January, 
1916,  when  his  work  was  first  exhibited  in  the  British  Capital. 

The  story  of  Raemaekers'  reception  in  London  and  Paris  has 
been  written  in  the  introduction  to  "Raemaekers'  Cartoons." 

When  his  cartoons  began  to  reach  America  toward  the  end  of 
1916  this  country  was  neutral.  It  is  with  pecuhar  satisfaction, 
therefore,  that  I  base  this  brief  foreword  upon  press  extracts  pub- 
lished prior  to  America's  participation  in  the  war. 

If  it  were  possible  to  discover  to-day  an  individual  who  was 
entirely  ignorant  as  to  the  causes  and  conduct  of  the  war,  he  would, 
after  an  inspection  of  a  hundred  or  more  of  these  cartoons,  probably 
utter  his  conviction  somewhat  as  follows:  "I  do  not  believe  that 
these  drawings  have  the  shghtest  relation  to  the  truth;  I  do  not  beheve 
that  it  is  possible  for  such  things  to  happen  in  the  twentieth  century. " 
He  would  be  quite  justified,  in  his  ignorance  of  what  has  happened 
in  Europe,  in  expressing  such  an  opinion,  just  as  any  of  us,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  the  disciples  of  Bernhardi  himself,  would  have 
been  justified  in  expressing  a  similar  view  in  July,  1914. 

What  is  the  view  of  all  informed  people  to-day?  "To  Rae- 
maekers the  war  is  not  a  topic,  or  a  subject  for  charity.  It  is  a  vivid 
heartrending  reality,"  says  the  New  York  "Evening  Post,"  "and  you 
come  away  from  the  rooms  where  his  cartoons  now  hang  so  aware  of 
what  war  is  that  mental  neutrality  is  for  you  a  horror.     If  you  have 


FOREWORD 

slackened  in  your  determination  to  find  out,  these  cartoons  are  a 
slap  in  the  face.  Raemackcrs  drives  home  a  universal  point  that 
concerns  not  merely  Germans,  but  every  country  where  royal  de- 
crees have  supreme  power.  Shall  one  man  ever  be  given  the  power 
to  seek  his  ends,  using  the  people  as  his  pawns?  We  cannot  look  at 
the  cartoons  and  remain  in  ignorance  of  exactly  what  is  the  basis 
of  truth  on  which  they  are  built." 

The  "Philadelphia  American"  likens  Raemackcrs  to  a  sensitized 
plate  upon  which  the  spirit  which  brought  on  the  war  has  imprinted 
itself  forever,  and  adds:  "What  he  gives  out  on  that  subject  is  as 
pitilessly  true  as  a  photograph.  They  look  down  upon  us  in  their 
naked  truth,  those  pictures  which  are  to  be,  before  the  judgment- 
seat  of  history,  the  last  indictment  of  the  German  nation.  Of  all 
impressions,  there  is  one  which  will  hold  you  in  its  inexorable  grip: 
it  is  that  Louis  Raemackcrs  has  told  you  the  truth." 

This  aspect  of  his  appeal  is  insisted  upon  by  "Vanity  Fair," 
thus:  "That  each  cartoon  is  a  grim,  merciless  portrayal  of  the  truth 
will  be  apparent  to  even  the  meanest  intelligence."  The  same  jour- 
nal refers  to  the  almost  uncanny  power  of  prophecy  suggested  by 
many  of  the  pictures.  "That  they  are  conceived  in  a  mighty  brain 
and  drawn  by  a  skilled  hand  will  be  recognized  by  a  sophisticated 
minority.  But  only  those  capable  of  deeper  probing  will  see  that 
each  one  is  in  itself  an  elemental  drama  of  compelling  significance 
and  power,  heightened  in  many  cases  by  prophecy  and  suggestion." 

The  "Philadelphia  Public  Ledger"  refers  particularly  to  Rae- 
mackcrs' prophetic  instinct.  "Here,  indeed,  is  revealed  the  work  not 
only  of  one  who  has  the  artistic  imagination  to  pictorialize  the  savagery 
of  the  Kaiser  and  his  obedient  servants,  and  to  caricature  in  a  manner 
that  leaves  nothing  unsaid  in  the  way  of  sinister  presentation  of 
evil  things,  but  the  work  of  one  who  is  distinctly  a  seer.  Moreover, 
the  cartoons  have  been  verified  by  subsequent  events,  though  they 
seemed  to  some  at  the  time  to  be  the  bitter  and  ironical  casual  com- 
ment on  things  most  believed  could  never  happen  to  modern  civiliza- 
tion, and  have  that  insight  that  only  a  special  inspiration  and  inner 
illumination  could  give." 


FOREWORD 

It  is  this  obvious  sincerity,  this  conviction  on  the  part  of  the 
beholder  that  Raemaekers  is  telling  the  simple  truth  and  telling  it 
simply  that  gives  his  work  its  greatest  value  as  a  revelation  of  the 
German  purpose,  and  as  an  indictment  of  German  methods  of  war- 
fare and  the  German  practice  of  statecraft. 

The  "Louisville  Herald"  finds  it  "impossible  to  do  justice  to 
these  remarkable  drawings,  this  terrific  gallery,  impossible  to  estimate 
at  this  distance  the  power  and  pressure  of  the  indictment,"  while 
the  "Baltimore  Sun"  goes  so  far  as  to  claim  that  "no  orator  in  any 
tongue  has  so  stirred  the  human  soul  to  unspeakable  pity  and  im- 
placable wrath  as  this  Dutch  artist  in  the  universal  language  which 
his  pencil  knows  how  to  speak.  Those  who  have  forgotten  the  Lusi- 
taiiia  and  the  innumerable  tragedies  in  Belgium  should  avoid  Rae- 
maekers. They  who  look  at  his  work  can  never  forget,  can  never 
wholly  forgive." 

The  "Washington  Star"  thinks  that  his  cartoons  should  not  be 
taken  merely  as  dealing  with  events  of  the  confiict,  "but  with  prin- 
ciples." The  writer  proceeds:  "To  Germany  and  to  Austria  is  up- 
held a  mirror  in  which  are  reflected  those  crimes  for  which  neither 
w^ill  be  able  to  make  full  redress.  There  is  no  touch  of  vulgarity  or 
hatred  in  his  work,  save  that  which  comes  from  righteous  indignation 
against  foul  crimes  and  the  vulgarity  of  the  thing  itself." 

In  appraising  the  value  of  Raemaekers'  cartoons  purely  as  polit- 
ical documents,  as  historic  records  of  crimes  and  barbarities  which 
the  civilized  world  must  not  be  permitted  to  forget  lest  the  horrors 
of  the  past  three  years  descend  upon  us  again,  their  purely  artistic 
appeal  is  frequently  ignored  or  forgotten,  but  not  always.  "Rae- 
maekers is  an  artist,"  says  the  "Boston  Globe."  "He  tells  his  story 
simply,  eliminates  all  unnecessary  detail,  knows  the  dramatic  value 
of  light  and  shade,  and  draws  a  single  figure  cartoon  with  as  much 
impressive  suggestiveness  as  he  does  a  crowd."  The  "Providence 
Journal"  acclaims  him  as  a  great  artist  to  whose  hand  has  been 
given  the  touch  of  immortality.  "  Like  many  geniuses, "  continues  the 
"Journal,"  "this  Dutch  artist  awaited  the  occasion  in  human  affairs 
to  awaken  the  power  which  he  may  not  even  have  been  aware  of 


FOREWORD 

possessing.  It  took  a  titanic  force  to  stir  his  conscience  and  that 
conscience,  once  stirred,  leaped  into  aspiring  activity  to  the  service  of 
mankind."  Particular  stress  is  laid  by  the  "Boston  Transcript"  on 
the  artistic  merit  of  the  drawings.  Comparing  him  to  Honore 
Daumicr,  the  great  French  cartoonist  of  the  Franco-Prussian  War, 
the  "Post"  is  of  opinion  that  Racmaekers  is  the  one  artistic  personality 
whose  genius  has  been  developed  by  the  stimukis  of  the  war.  "If 
the  measure  of  the  influence  wielded  by  a  cartoonist  is  the  extent  and 
intensity  of  emotion  aroused  by  his  work,  then  possibly  there  has 
never  been  a  cartoonist  in  the  history  of  the  world  who  can  have 
compared  with  Racmaekers.  The  inspiration  of  his  pictorial  polemics 
is  a  hearty  and  profound  and  righteous  indignation,  a  motive  which 
is  of  first-rate  artistic  worth,  and  which  is  shared  by  all  the  civilized 
workl.  \\'hat  strikes  the  mind  in  looking  upon  these  cartoons  is  the 
Dantcsque  quality  of  the  artist's  passion  and  imagination."  The 
"Transcript"  conckidcs  a  remarkable  appreciation  of  the  cartoons 
with  the  following  words:  "He  guides  the  spirit  and  the  conscience 
of  the  world  to-day  through  an  inferno  of  wrong. " 


List  of  Cartoons 


PAGE 

The  Zeppelin  Raider -"  ^ 

The  Exhumation  of  the  Martyrs  of  Aerschot  ------  4 

The  Old  Serb ""  " 

The  "Lusitania"  Nightmare  ---------  8 

"Fancy,  How  Nice!" 10 

The  Laodiceans ---12 

"A  Pitiful  Exodus" -.-        14 

"Death  the  Friend" -----         16 

A  Higher  Pile .----         18 

Peace  Reigns  at  Dinant        ----------        20 

Humanity  zs.  Kultur --22 

The  Bill -         24 

"You  Need  Not  Storm  This  Place" -26 

Hohenzollern  Madness ---28 

"My  Master  Asks  You  to  Look  After  These  Doves"      -        -        -        -        30 

Famine  in  Belgium ----32 

Poor  Old  Thing ---34 

Germany  and  the  Neutrals  ----------36 

Those  Horrible  Britons ---38 

Dr.  Kuyper  to  Germany         .---------40 

The  Kaiser's  Diplomacy         .        .        .        .        - 42 

Cain - 44 

The  Counter-Attack  at  Douaumont -        -        -        46 

The  Morning  Paper 4° 

"And  Such  a  Brave  Zepp  He  Was" 5° 

Flying  Over  Holland -        -        5^ 

"If  They  Don't  Increase  Their  Army" 54 

Religion  and  Patriotism 5" 

The  Prisoners 5° 

"Well,  My  Friend"        -----------        60 

"  How  Quiet  It  Must  be  in  the  English  Harbors  Blockaded  by  Our  Fleet"        62 
The  Brigands  .-----------04 

It  Looks  So  in  Serbia    -- "" 

Victory  by  Imposture "° 

Shell-Making "'^ 

Another  Australian  Success  --- 72 

The  Sea  the  Path  of  Victory       ---- "4 

Balaam  and  His  Ass -70 

A  Genuine  Dutchman ..-78 


LIST  OF  CARTOONS 

PAGE 

Another  Victory  for  the  Germans      80 

Submarine  "Bags"  ------------82 

Within  the  Pincers .---.-84 

German  Poison ...-86 

The  Organization  of  Victory  by  Imposture         .-.--.        88 

Wittenberg      --. -90 

The  Broken  Alliance 92 

The  Shower-Bath ---94 

The  Anniversary  Bouquet 9^ 

The  Stranded  Submarine        ...-------98 

Herod's  Nightmare  ....-------ioo 

"My  Beloved  People" ......102 

On  Their  Way  to  Verdun 104 

Bethmann-Hollweg's  Peace  Song 106 

A  German  "Victory"      --- --       108 

"Waiting" -        .       no 

The  Kaiser  as  a  Diplomatist        -        -        - -112 

Hun  Hypocrisy         .-----------114 

The  Prussian  Guard       .-------.--116 

Greek  Treachery    -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -118 

The  World's  Judgment  Seat  ---------       120 

The  Kaiser's  Cry  for  Peace         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -122 

Tit  for  Tat     ---- -124 

Forced  L\bor  in  Germany 126 

The  Fall  of  the  Child-Slayer 128 

The  Climber    -- -----130 

Culture  at  Wittenberg -----       132 

The  "Civilians"      ------------       134 

Two  Peals  of  Thunder i3<J 

A  Universal  Conscience 138 

Joan  of  Arc  and  St.  George  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -140 

The  Bringers  of  Happiness  --- 142 

The  Old  Poilu         -.- 144 

Humanity  Torpedoed      -----------146 

The  Super-Hooligans      -----------       148 

Before  the  Fall     -- 150 

The  Shirkers  -------------152 

For  Merit        ...- 154 

Duty  r.-;.  Militarism         - 156 

The  Troubadour      ------------       158 

See  the  Conquering  Hero  Comes  --------       160 

Belgium    --------------       162 

The  Giant's  Task    ------------       164 

"I  Must  Have  Something  for  My  Trouble" 166 

"Cinema  Chocolate"       -----------       168 

The  Doctrine  of  Expediency '70 

Murder  on  the  High  Seas '72 


LIST  OF  CARTOONS 

PACE 

Pounding  Austria --       174 

DuKCHHALTEN — "  HoLD   Out" I76 

The  Satyr  of  the  Sea    ---. 178 

War  Council  with  Ferdinand  and  Enver  Pasha         -        -        -        -        -       180 

The  Burial  of  Private  Walker -        -        -         -182 

The  Supreme  Effort ---..       184 

"Wer  reitet  so  spat  Durch  Nachi    lnd  Wind?     Das  ist  der  Vater  mit 

seinem  Kind"    ------------       186 

The  Voices  of  the  Guns        ----------       188 

The  Death's-Head  Hussar     -        -        - -        -190 

The  "Franc-tireur"  Excuse  ---------       192 

The  Entry  Into  Constantinople  ---------       194 

"Come  Away,  My  Dear!" 196 

The  "Harmless"  German --198 

The  Propagandist  in  Holland       ---------       200 

Tetanus    --------------      202 

Shakspere's  Tercentenary     ----------      204 

Nobody  Sees  Me     ------------      206 

The  Orient  Express        -----------      208 

The  Bloomersdyk    ------------       210 

The  "U"  Boats  Off  the  American  Coast   -------       212 

To  the  Peace  Woman -        -214 

The  Wolf  Bleats -       216 

Strict  Neutrality  ------------      218 


Kultur  in  Cartoons 


The  Zeppelin  Raider 

THIS  cartoon  is  not  in  the  least  allegorical,  and  it  is  far  less  terrible 
than  the  reality.    For  the  simple  reason  is  that  children  torn  to  pieces 
by  high  explosives  are  far  more  horrible  to  look  at  than  children 
with  their  throats  cut. 

Had  these  blood  cartoons  of  Raemaekers  been  published  in  the  spring 
of  1914,  the  artist  would  have  been  considered  a  maniac. 

But  in  the  spring  of  1916  we  know  him  to  be  a  man  portraying  the 
truth,  giving  us  the  doings  of  the  German  Emperor  and  his  sateUites 
in  colored  pictures,  and  a  very  mild  interpretation  of  them  at  that.  For 
it  is  a  fact  that  no  man  could  bear  to  look  at  or  consider  the  real  truth  of 
what  William  of  Germany  has  done  through  the  hands  of  others,  of  the 
horrors  that  he  has  committed  against  women  who  cannot  here  accuse 
him,  against  children  of  whose  very  names  he  knows  nothing. 

But  their  accusations  are  heard  and  their  names  remembered  by  those 
whose  eternal  business  it  is  to  hear  and  record,  and  the  silence  of  those 
civilized  nations  who  have  said  nothing  before  the  doings  of  the  infamous 
One  has  spoken  where  silence  is  heard  as  well  as  speech. 

Just  as  St.  Paul  stood  by  in  silence  at  the  martyrdom  of  St.  Stephen, 
so  have  they  stood  at  the  martyrdom  of  these  Innocents,  and  just  as  he 
uttered  that  lamentable  cry  in  the  Temple  of  Jerusalem,  so  will  they  cry 
in  his  very  words,  but  without  his  justification  of  holiness: 

"I  stood  by  and  consented." 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


\ 


uK  l\n«'T-n  ;.?" '-^^r-?  •» 


The  Exhumation  of  the  Martyrs 

of  Aerschot 

READ  here  a  few  sentences  from  the  sworn  and  sifted  testimony 
of  witnesses  who  saw  what  happened  at  Aerschot  in  August,  1914. 
' '  When  the  war  broke  out  a  German  whom  I  knew  well  by  sight 
had  been  living  at  Aerschot  some  three  years.  He  had  no  apparent  oc- 
cupation, but  lived  on  his  means  in  a  small  house.  Occasionally  he  was 
away  for  some  time.  On  the  outbreak  of  war  he  was  expelled  from  Bel- 
gium. He  came  back  w-ith  the  German  troops  and  pointed  out  to  them 
all  houses  and  other  property  belonging  to  the  burgomaster,  and  the 
Germans  destroyed  it  all.  Many  civilians  in  Aerschot  were  killed  by 
the  Germans.  I  myself  saw  some  forty  dead  bodies,  including  three 
women.  They  had  been  shot.  ...  In  one  house  the  wife  of  a  man 
whom  I  know  well  was  burned  alive.  Her  husband  broke  both  legs 
while  attempting  to  rescue  her.  .  .  .  The  Germans  with  their  rifles  pre- 
vented anyone  going  to  help  this  man,  and  he  had  to  drag  himself  along 
the  street,  with  his  legs  broken,  as  best  he  could.  ..." 

"I  saw  some  German  infantry  soldiers  kill  with  bayonets  two  women 
who  were  standing  on  their  doorsteps.  ..." 

"There  we  saw  a  whole  street  burning.  .  .  .  We  heard  children  and 
beasts  crying  in  the  flames." 

"The  Germans  deliberately  fired  beyond  us  at  four  women,  a  child  of 
II  or  12  years  of  age,  an  infant  of  six  months  (about)  and  lour  other  chil- 
dren who  were  clinging  to  their  mothers'  skirts.  The  infant  was  in  its 
mother's  arms,  and  was  riddled  with  shot,  which  passed  through  it  into 
the  mother's  bodj'.  While  she  was  trying  to  crawl  into  safety  on  her 
knees  the  Germans  still  fired  at  her  until  she  died." 

"I  saw  the  body  of  a  little  boy  about  6^  2  ^r  7  years  of  age,  with  four 
bayonet  wounds  in  it.     It  was  stilf  and  propped  against  a  wall." 

"The  first  thing  we  saw^  was  the  body  of  a  young  girl  of  about  18  to  20, 
absolutely  naked,  with  her  abdomen  cut  open.  Her  body  was  also 
covered  with  bruises.  .  .  .  About  a  kilometer  farther  on  I  saw  the  body  of 
a  little  boy,  aged  8  or  q,  with  his  head  completely  cut  off.  The  head  was 
some  distance  from  the  trunk." 

These  simple  phrases,  and  hundreds  more  like  them,  plain  to  read  in 
the  book  of  evidence,  make  a  better  commentary  than  any  I  could  write 
on  this  drawing.  There  are,  indeed,  many  passages  more  terrible,  such 
as  the  talc  of  the  unspeakable  treatment  of  the  priest,  dragged  into  Aers- 
chot from  the  neighboring  village  of  Gelrode.  And  I  turn  from  reading 
such  things  to  an  English  newspaper,  wherein  is  the  report  of  the  speech 
of  a  person  at  a  great  gathering  of  people  interested  in  cooperative  trad- 
ing— a  person  who  hopes,  after  the  war,  to  "take  by  the  hand"  the  crea- 
tures guilty  of  these  infamies.  It  has  been  my  experience  to  know  many 
sad  blackguards  in  the  worst  parts  of  London,  but  I  cannot  remember 
one  who  could  fall  as  low  as  that.  To  find  such  we  must  search  the 
smuggeries  and  the  priggeries  and  the  Fellowships  of  Reconciliation. 

ARTHUR  MORRISON. 


The  Old  Serb 


THE  calculated  brutality  of  German  and  Austrian  "frifihtfulncss,"  its 
cowardice  and  cold-blooded  e\  il,  are  already  familiar  to  all  impartial 
students  of  Teutonic  warfare.  But  a  Nation  that  has  consented  to 
its  own  slavery  cannot  value  freedom,  or  be  supposed  to  respect 
the  life  or  liberty  of  the  innocent  and  weak.  With  her  neck  under  Prus- 
sia's heel,  tamed  Germany  strives  in  word  and  deed  to  rellect  the  spirit  of 
her  masters,  and  so  far  succeeds  that  she  can  contemplate  the  atrocities 
of  this  war  with  satisfaction,  and  from  pulpit,  school,  and  press  applaud 
each  new  manifestation  in  turn.  Blind  obedience  to  command  has 
brought  the  Germans  to  a  state  where  even  their  thinking  is  done  for 
them;  they  grovel  before  the  brute  power  that  drives  them  and  kiss  and 
sanctify  the  bloody  hands  that  hold  the  whip. 

Luther  said  the  justification  of  liberty  was  that  man  could  only  truly 
serve  God  and  his  fellow-man  if  freedom  of  choice  of  means  were  per- 
mitted to  him.  The  German  of  to-day  relincjuishes  that  freedom  and  is 
content  to  be  herded  under  a  political  system  that  denies  him  his  inde- 
pendent manhood.  Ke  sacrifices  responsibility  and  liberty  alike  to  a 
race  which  he  still  suffers  to  inherit  the  privilege  of  directing  his  State; 
he  prostitutes  his  own  reasoning  faculties  and  ignores  the  evolution  of 
morals  by  applauding  Prussia's  reactionary  ideals  at  the  expense  of  every 
modern  movement  for  the  progress  of  humanity.  He  knows  the  right 
and  does  the  wrong — a  willing  slave  to  an  archaic  autocracy.  Thus 
servile  obedience  to  physical  power  is  the  noblest  principle  that  United 
Germany  has  yet  attained,  and  the  consequences  permeate  the  people 
in  a  spiritual  indifference  to  elementary  honor  displayed  alike  on  her 
battlefields  and  in  her  council  chambers. 

The  lie  is  accepted  as  her  first  diplomatic  weapon;  "frightfulness"  is 
developed  as  an  invaluable  ally  of  conquest;  cruelty  and  treachery  are 
praised  by  the  scholar  and  pastor,  practised  as  a  matter  of  course  by  the 
soldier  and  politician.  None  sees  what  dishonor  is  thus  heaped  upon 
his  country  and  how  her  history  has  been  defiled  by  this  generation  on 
the  precepts  of  the  last. 

Ignoring,  as  she  always  does,  every  contact  with  other  cultures,  Ger- 
many, out  of  a  congenital  megalomania,  has  evolved  her  own;  and  in 
her  eyes  it  is  no  doubt  as  beautiful  and  precious  as  the  ugly  treasure  of 
the  child  in  the  perambulator,  who  discards  the  most  delightful  modern 
toys  for  its  own  battered  and  hideous  doll. 

In  this  regard  she  is  indeed  still  a  child;  but  a  study  of  comparative 
cultures,  following  upon  the  destruction  of  her  present  rulers  and  their 
doctrine  of  force,  should  create  a  larger-minded  nation  wherein  the  civil- 
ized concepts  of  older  States  shall  find  recognition. 

"Until  that  final  consummation,"  as  Francis  Stopford  has  well  said, 
"Europe  dare  not  rest  secure,  and  the  horrors  of  Belgium  and  Serbia  will 
be  repeated  for  the  next  generation  if  Germany  be  left  the  freedom  to 
reestablish  her  might  and  to  reorganize  the  life  of  her  peoples  with  the  sole 
object  of  crushing  her  neighbors  at  the  first  favorable  opportunity." 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


^i^--r 


.^«*-^ 


,-*-"*-* 


,  ou\%  I— ^cjer^c/«p(<^rj  .  ^ 


The  "Lusitania'*  Nightmare 

THOUGH  a  year  and  more  has  passed  since  the  great  tragedy  of  the 
Lusitania,  and  many  evil  things  have  been  done  since  that  day  by  the 
enemy  who  strikes  at  rooted  principles  of  civilization,  yet  by  reason 
of  its  magnitude  and  its  utter  disregard  of  the  elementary  principles  of 
humanity  the  memory  of  this  deed  is  still  alive  in  the  minds  of  men.  This 
"nightmare"  that  Raemaekers  pictures  was  no  dream  fancy,  but  a  reality; 
men  and  women  walked  along  the  rows  of  corpses  laid  out  in  the  sheds, 
searching  for  that  which  they  dreaded  to  find.  .  .  . 

"There  is  no  right  but  might,"  said  Germany  in  that  act,  "and  there 
is  no  hiw  in  the  exercise  of  might."  Men,  women,  and  children  ahke  of 
this  perverted  nation  were  bidden  to  rejoice  over  the  sinking  of  the  vessel — 
the  fact  cannot  be  too  often  stated  or  too  fully  kept  in  mind,  more  es- 
pecially now  that  the  fabric  whence  that  doctrine  of  unguidcd  force  has 
emanated  is  crumbling  under  the  blows  of  the  Allied  armies.  For  in 
the  day  of  peace  will  be  found  many  who  will  merit  Achan's  fate  through 
following  Achan's  way,  careless  of  the  rows  of  little  corpses  that  lay  out 
for  indentification  after  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania — careless  of  all  but 
the  material  aspect  of  the  settlement  that  must  be  made  when  the  mih- 
tary  power  of  this  present  Germany  is  crushed. 

If  it  be  not  crushed  beyond  the  possibility  of  rising  again — if  there  be 
any  way  left  by  which  those  who  own  no  law  but  necessity  and  expedi- 
ence may  repeat  the  experiment  of  these  years  of  war,  then  these  lives 
that  ended  off  the  Old  Head  of  Kinsale  ended  in  vain,  and  their  memory 
is  dishonored.     With  that  which  caused  this   nightmare  there  must  be 

no  compromise. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


8 


9 


''Fancy,  How  Nice . . . 


99 


THE  ethics  of  war  are  dinicult  to  reduce  to  consistent  principles. 
At  first  sight  it  does  not  seem  more  cruel  to  asphyxiate  your  enemy 
than  to  blow  him  to  pieces  with  a  hmd-minc  or  to  turn  a  machine-gun 
upon  him.  Nevertheless,  two  facts  are  certain.  One  is  that  this  very 
invention  was  offered  to  our  War  Ollice  years  ago,  and  was  rejected  as 
unworthy  of  a  civilized  nation.  The  other  is  that  it  is  forbidden  by 
The  Hague  Convention  in  a  clause  accepted  by  Germany  herself. 

The  adoption,  without  warning,  of  poisonous  gas  is  perhaps  the  most 
shameless  of  all  the  treacherous  violations  of  international  law  which 
Germany  has  committed.  It  is  now  known  that  Germany  had  de- 
termined, before  hostilities  began,  to  violate  all  the  laws  of  war.  In  the 
Official  German  War  Book  these  conventions  are  referred  to  only  with 
contempt.  To  disregard  them  is  what  the  Germans  call  "absolute  war"; 
and  they  claim  that  absolute  war  is  the  only  logical  kind  of  war. 

In  adopting  this  theory  Germany  has  fallen  far  behind  barbarism; 
for,  cruel  as  the  barbarian  often  is,  there  are  always  some  things  which 
he  will  not  do  to  his  enemy,  some  conventions  which  he  will  observe, 
either  from  the  chivalry  which  belongs  to  the  character  of  the  genuine 
fighting  man  or  from  fear  of  Divine  anger,  or  from  a  vague  sense  of  what 
is  due  to  human  beings  even  when  they  are  enemies.  The  notion  that  all 
moral  principles  are  in  abeyance  during  war  is  the  most  revolting  doc- 
trine that  can  be  proclaimed.  It  is  disgusting  to  find  that  it  is  openly 
defended  by  many  of  the  religious  guides  of  the  German  people,  who 
profess  to  speak  in  the  name  of  Christianity. 

Such  moral  obliquity,  one  thinks,  can  only  exist  in  a  nation  which 
does  not  play  games.  But  perhaps  the  reason  why  games  are  discour- 
aged in  Germany   is    that   they    encourage  a  "foolish"  sense   of  honor 

and  chivalry  in  the  serious  business  of  life. 

W.  R.  INGE, 
Dean  oj  St.  PauFs  Cathedral. 


10 


.^<^ 


LJouisJ- 


11 


The  Laodiceans 


*^   I   ^HOU  art  neither  cold  nor  hot.     I  would  thou  wcrt  cold  or  hot.  .  .  . 

I      Because  thou  sayest,   I    am   rich  and   increased  with  goods,  and 
have  need  of  nothing.  ...   I  counsel  thee.  .  .  .  anoint  thine  eyes 
with  eye-salve,  that  thou  mayest  see." 

Raemaekers  has  patience  with  most  things,  but  with  neutrality  he 
would  scorn  to  be  patient.  He  refuses  to  parley  with  it,  even  when  it 
waves  the  colors  of  his  own  countrj^  in  its  hand — if  it  e\er  does  any- 
thing so  sturdy  as  to  wave  colors.  These  old  women  are  dreadful, 
they  are  almost  as  terrifying  as  his  Prussian  monsters.  The  persuasive 
old  fanatic  in  the  foreground  arguing  the  divinity  of  lukewarmness  is 
dreadful  in  herself,  and  more  dreadful  still  because  we  all  know  that  she 
exists,  in  belligerent  as  in  neutral  countries.  And  worse,  far  worse,  is 
the  granite  female  with  her  stone  brooch  in  her  marble  collar  behind  her. 
The  others  are  surprised,  doubtful,  not  yet  entirely  won  over  to  the 
specious  argument;  but  the  woman  behind  is  a  very  Gibraltar  of  neu- 
trality. 

Seldom,  very  seldom,  does  Raemaekers  draw  dreadful  women.  His 
Germania  is  a  symbol,  not  a  woman.  I  can  only  remember  one  other 
cartoon,  a  merciless  drawing  of  the  Kaiser  and  the  Kaiserin,  in  which  a 
woman  stands  for  evil.  He  likes  to  picture  pity  and  mercy  and  nobility 
in  the  form  of  women,  and  when  he  wishes  to  paint  sorrow  and  endurance 
he  gives  us  such  cartoons  as  those  of  the  mothers  and  widows  of  Belgium. 
And  this  makes  it  the  more  likely  that  in  these  gossiping,  selfish,  silly, 
wicked  creatures  he  is  drawing  a  type  of  mind  rather  than  a  type  of 
female.  In  every  country  there  are  "old  women";  but  they  are  not 
always  females. 

H.  PEARL  ADAM. 


12 


"^  rxoemf.pkgr.^. 


13 


"A  Pitiful  Exodus  " 

THIS  is  one  of  Racmackcrs'  crowds.  He  is  fond  of  depicting  crowds, 
and  he  is  right.  He  has  the  art  of  making  them  singuhirly  effective. 
He  catches  wonderfully  both  the  general  impression  and  the  vahic 
of  a  face  or  figure  here  and  there  not  violently  obtruded  but  individually 
appealing. 

And  these  crowds  are  so  effective  because  they  are  so  true.  This  is 
a  war  of  crowds.  The  nations  have  fought  in  crowds,  they  have  suffered 
in  crowds.  "Multitudes — multitudes  in  the  valley  of  decision"  might 
be  said  to  be  its  text. 

And  Antwerp  was  ever  a  place  of  crowds;  though  not,  of  course,  like 
this.  Who  docs  not  know  Antwerp  as  she  was  before  the  war?  A  great, 
buzzing,  thriving  hive  on  the  water's  edge,  lillcd  with  a  jolly,  comfort- 
able, busy  bourgeoisie;  mediaeval  and  modern  at  once,  with  her  churches 
and  her  quays,  her  florid  "Rubenses"  her  Van  Dycks,  her  Teniers,  her 
Maison  Planlin,  and  all  the  rest  of  her  past;  her  world  commerce,  her 
fortifications  of  to-day,  deemed  impregnable! 

She  had  been  besieged  and  fallen  before.  To-day  she  fell  with  scarcely 
a  siege. 

Who  was  responsible  for  this  fiasco — for  the  defense  which  was  no 
defense,  the  relief  which  was  no  relief?  Why  was  the  Naval  Brigade 
sent  there?  Perhaps  we  shall  know  some  day,  when  Raemaekers'  coun- 
try is  free  to  set  them  also  free  again. 

What  we  can  know  is  graphically  and  terribly  told  by  Mr.  John  Buchan 
and  the  witnesses  he  cites. 

The  highways  were  black  with  the  panting  crowds:  ladies  of  fashion, 
white-haired  men  and  women,  wounded  soldiers,  priests  old  and  young, 
nuns,  mothers,  daughters,  children.  So  it  was  described  by  one  who 
saw  it. 

More  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  of  inhabitants  left  Antwerp  in  one  day. 
The  world  has  never  before  seen  such  an  emptying  of  a  great  city.  "Some 
day,"  Mr.  Buchan  ends,  "when  its  imagination  has  grown  quicker,  it 
will  find  the  essence  of  war  not  in  gallant  charges  and  heroic  stands,  but 
in  the  pale  women  dragging  their  pitiful  belongings  through  the  Belgian 
fields  in  the  raw  October  night." 

If  anything  could  further  quicken  the  world's  imagination  it  would  be 

this   picture.     Rubens   devised   the   famous    "pomps"    for  the   entry   of 

Ferdinand  of  Austria.     The  German  entry  had   no  Rubens.     But  this 

miserable  pomp,   this   "pitiful  exodus,"  has  found   its  realistic   Rubens 

in  Raemaekers. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


14 


15 


"Death  the  Friend" 

WHEN  the  white  horse  rode  out  to  war  with  the  clever,  handsome 
mountebank   in    the   shining  armor  astride  it  (ignore  for  the 
moment  the  duller  fact  of  an  anxious,  field-gray  man  in  a  Benz 
limousine)  the  demigod  made,  let  us  admit  it,  a  brave  show. 

'Tis  credibly  reported  that  in  his  company  rode  his  august  famihar, 
"our  old  God"  in  a  new  mood  and  a  brand  new  uniform,  "wearing,"  in 
fact,  in  the  words  of  a  dithyrambic  Teuton,  "the  Death's  Head  cap  of 
the  German  Hussars  and  carrying  a  white  banner." 

What  that  Other  may  be  assumed  to  have  made  of  Dixmude,  Ter- 
monde,  and  the  ineffable  rest  of  it  is  for  the  curious  to  conjecture:  as 
also  at  what  exact  stage  of  the  swift  journcyings  back  and  forth  of  the 
tired  white  horse  there  came  into  a  mind  fed  on  rich,  fat  phrases  and 
meaty  metaphors,  and  the  flattery  of  astute,  strong  men  and  the  dazzling 
reflections  of  the  imperial  cheval  glass,  the  first  doubt  as  to  whether  the 
high  approval  of  that  Other  were  indeed  an  objective  reahty,  or  merely  a 
figment  of  the  imagination  of  an  overwrought  overman.  In  any  case, 
there  must  soon  have  dawned  an  aching  wonder  as  to  how  the  devil  the 
banner  could  be  white. 

And  when  was  it  that  in  place  of  that  Other  Rider  in  the  hussar's  cap 
there  seemed  to  be  something  queer  and  sinister  astride  behind  him  on 
his  battle-weary  steed?  Was  it  then  that  he  began  to  whistle  so  vigor- 
ously {vide  German  Press  passim)  to  keep  up  his  spirits?  And  will  there 
come  a  time  (has  it  already  come?)  when  that  caressing  touch  on  the 
shoulder  will  seem  indeed  the  caress  of  a  friend,  and  that  gaunt  index 
point  to  the  only  peace  he  will  ever  know? 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


16 


17 


F 


A  Higher  Pile 

ULL  half  a  million  men,  yet  not  enough 

To  break  this  township  on  a  winding  stream; 

More  yet  must  fall,  and  more,  ere  the  red  stuff 
That  built  a  nation's  manhood  may  redeem 
The  Highest's  hopes  and  fructify  his  dream. 


They  pave  the  way  to  Verdun;  on  their  dust 
The  Hohcnzollern  mount  and,  hand  in  hand. 

Gaze  haggard  south;  for  yet  another  thrust, 

And  higher  hills  must  heap,  ere  they  shall  stand 
To  feed  their  eyes  upon  the  promised  land. 

One  barrow,  borne  of  women,  hfts  them  high, 
Piled  up  of  many  a  thousand  human  dead. 

Nursed  in  their  mothers'  bosoms,  now  they  lie— 
A  Golgotha,  all  shattered,  torn  and  sped, 
A  mountain  for  these  royal  feet  to  tread. 

A  Golgotha,  upon  whose  carrion  clay 

Justice  of  myriad  men,  still  in  the  womb, 

Shall  heave  two  crosses;  crucify  and  flay 
Two  memories  accurs'd;  then  in  the  tomb 
Of  world-wide  execration  give  them  room. 

Verdun!    Thy  name  is  holy  evermore; 

In  thine  heroic  ruin  the  nations  see 
A  monument,  upon  whose  living  shore 

In  vain  the  evil  breaks;  we  bend  the  knee. 

Thou  symbol  of  all  human  liberty. 


EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


18 


19 


Peace  Reigns  at  Dinant 

THE    mere   human   criminal    will   cover    his   crime   with   disguises; 
but  it  may  truly  be  said  that  the  Prussian   has   buried   even   his 
crime  in  the  evidences  of  it.     He  has  made  massacre  itself  monot- 
onous; and  made  us  weary  of  condemning  what  he  was  never  weary  of 
carrying  out. 

It  is  said  that  General  Von  der  Goltz,  on  receiving  complaints  of 
the  scarce!}'  human  parade  of  cruelty  which  accompanied  the  first  en- 
trance into  Belgium,  declared  that  such  first  bad  impressions  of  the 
Prussian  would  wear  off  after  his  victory  in  the  real  campaign;  and 
that,  as  he  expressed  it,  "Glory  will  efface  all."  That  sort  of  glory, 
however,  was  itself  effaced  from  the  German  prospects  as  early  as  the 
battle  of  the  Marne;  and  we  shall  never  know  whether  humanity  is 
capable  of  so  vile  a  forgiveness;  or  whether  glory  will  efface  all. 

But  there  is  a  real  sense  in  which  we  may  say  that  infamy  has  effaced 
all.  In  the  first  stage  of  the  war  Prussia  conducted  assassination  upon 
the  same  scale  as  grand  strategy;  and  it  is  as  difficult  to  recall  every 
woman  or  child  whose  death  was  in  itself  a  breach  of  all  international 
understandings  as  it  is  to  recall  every  poor  fellow  in  uniform  who  has 
fallen  in  the  open  fighting  which  everyone  understands. 

The  pen  becomes  imp>otent  when  it  attempts  to  give  life  to  statistics; 
and  I  do  not  know  that  anything  can  come  closer  to  it  than  the  pencil, 
when  it  draws  what  the  artist  has  drawn  here — merely  one  quiet  soldier, 
in  the  corner  of  one  quiet  town;  and  beyond  only  the  corner  of  a  heap 
of  figures,  which  are  yet  more  quiet. 

G.  K.  CHESTERTON. 


20 


21 


Humanity  v.  Kultur 

ONE  of  the  most  marked  features  of  Raemaekers'  art  is  his  intense 
feelinij;  of  patriotism.  He  is  proud  of  liis  country  and  of  her  past 
iiistorj-,  and  he  is  resolute  to  be  true  to  the  fame  of  the  Nether- 
lands in  the  past  and  to  preserve  the  freedom  which  is  the  heritage 
of  her  people.  Another  characteristic  is  his  abhorrence  of  the  prospect  of 
German  tyranny  o^•er  his  country.  He  hates  that  danger,  which  must 
ever  be  present  to  the  mind  of  a  patriotic  Dutchman.  It  has  been 
the  pressing  danger  of  the  country  for  many  years,  and  the  danger  in- 
creases and  bec\)mes  more  imminent  year  by  year.  He  hates  that  thought, 
both  because  it  would  put  an  end  to  the  freedom  of  his  country  and 
because  he  detests  the  character  of  Germany,  and  many  of  his  cartoons 
express  this  abhorrence  in  the  extremest  form.  He  loathes  the  nature 
and  the  effects  of  German  "Kultur." 

Both  these  characteristics  are  expressed  in  this  cartoon.  The  Neth- 
erlands is  represented  as  a  young  Dutch  girl  in  the  national  costume, 
a  working  woman  wearing  apron  and  cap  and  big  wooden  shoes.  She 
has  taken  off  one  of  the  shoes,  holding  it  ready  to  strike,  while  in  a  threat- 
ening attitude  and  with  Hashing  eye  she  faces  a  hideous  hag  in  dirty, 
slovenly  attire,  who  represents  the  great  enemy.  The  artist's  cartoons 
vie  with  one  another  in  the  ugliness  which  is  imparted,  sometimes  in  one 
way,  sometimes  in  another,  to  the  enemy,  but  there  is  none  which  rep- 
resents Prussia  in  a  more  detestable  form  than  this.  Prussia  is  a  drunken 
woman,  who  is  just  coming  out  from  a  public-house,  and  is  leaning 
against  the  door,  hardly  able  to  stagger  on.  The  sign  at  the  door  is 
inscribed  in  German:  "Bierhaus  zur  Deutschen  Kultur."  Prussia 
shrinks  back  from  the  assault  which  Holland  is  threatening.  Yet  the 
assault  is  not  an  armed  one;  it  is  the  assault  of  criticism  and  righteous 
indignation,  as  uttered  in  the  press  and  through  art.  The  crown  of 
the  empire,  with  the  iron  cross  hanging  from  the  apex,  is  tumbling 
off  the  head  of  the  drunken  woman.  The  right  hand,  which  she  holds 
up  in  deprecation,  is  dripping  with  blood.  The  neck  of  a  large  bottle 
protrudes  from  a  pocket  in  her  dirty  and  ragged  apron  on  which  the 
bloody  mark  of  a  child's  hand  is  imprinted.  But  with  her  bloodstained 
hand  Prussia  deprecates  the  attacks  of  criticism  by  the  protest:  "A 
real  lady  like  me  docs  not  do  such  a  thing" — forgetting  in  ler  drunken 
mind  that  she  bears  the  marks  of  guilt  on  her  person.  She  has  been 
indulging  in  "Kultur"  until  she  is  in  the  last  stage  of  intoxication,  barely 
able  to  stand  upright,  and  quite  unable  to  preserve  the  crown  of  em- 
pire. Another  characteristic  of  Raemaekers  is  evident:  the  perfect, 
absolute  assurance  of  victory.  There  can  be  no  question  what  the 
future  will  be;  the  issue  of  conflict,  either  in  discussion  or  in  other  ways, 
between  this  stalwart  young  woman  and  the  broken,  drunken  wretch 
cannot  be  doubted  for  a  moment.  The  crown  is  already  slipping  away, 
and  no  gesture,  no  support,  will  be  in  time  to  keep  it  in  its  place. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


22 


r 


f>„i  J,-  -  't  -»-a —    '  1  <!■ 


,l_.OU_i^S^Jhv'*-'iiCit-  Is^eri. 


23 


The  Bill 


EVEN  a  dragon's  teeth  decay 
And  then  there  comes  a  painful  time 
When  morsels  won't  be  made  away: 
Hence  spring  this  picture  and  this  rhyme 
Of  dragons  rather  past  their  prime. 

A  varied  menu  spread  before 
The  hungry  Kaiser  and  his  son, 
From  which  the  royal  epicure 
\\'ith  other  courses  chose  this  one — 
Paris  to  follow  when  'twas  done. 

A  dainty  dish  the  waiter  thought 

To  set  before  a  king,  or  clown; 

Yet  though  they  gulped  and  chewed  and  fought 

Not  sire  nor  son  could  get  it  down — 

This  little,  sturdy,  ancient  town. 

And,  what  is  more,  their  appetites. 
That  yesterday  were  sharp  and  keen, 
This  wretched  dish  of  Verdun  blights: 
Its  toughness  they  had  not  foreseen; 
The  cooking's  bad,  the  inn  unclean. 

"My  son,  I  think  we  '11  try  elsewhere." 
"Right  O!  dear  father,  so  we  will. 
I  'm  spoiling  for  a  change  of  air. 
Don't  let  this  trifle  make  you  ill: 
Our  cannon  fodder  pay  the  bill!" 


EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


24 


3L_.  ai  J^Fp^<!f€3fia^  !<&  cs 


25 


''You  need  not  storm 
this  place" 

THE  magnificent  imagery  of  Isaiah  is  alone  adequate  to  interpret 
the  artist's  picture.  The  German  Kaiser  is  at  the  entrance  to 
hell,  on  the  gloomy  portals  of  which  is  written  the  motto:  "Aban- 
don hope  all  ye  who  enter  here."  The  devil,  with  a  Mephistophchan 
irony,  tells  his  captive:  "You  need  not  storm  this  place."  Hell  is  only 
too  ready  to  house  the  great  malefactors  who  have  sinned  against  light 
and  are  doomed  to  torment. 

It  is  inevitable  to  recall  the  great  oracles  of  Isaiah  on  the  Kmg  of 
Babylon — that  enemy  of  his  race  who  had  enslaved  the  Jewish  people, 
persecuted  God's  elect  and  led  them  into  captivity.  "Hell  from  be- 
neath is  moved  for  thee  to  meet  thee  at  thy  coming;  it  stirreth  up  the 
dead  for  thee,  even  all  the  chief  ones  of  the  earth;  it  hath  raised  up  from 
their  thrones  all  the  kings  of  the  nations.  All  they  shall  speak  and 
say  unto  thee,  Art  thou  also  become  weak  as  we?  Art  thou  become 
like  unto  us?  .  .  .  How  art  thou  fallen  from  Heaven,  O  Lucifer,  son 
of  the  morning!  How  art  thou  cast  down  to  the  ground,  which  didst 
weaken  the  nations!" 

But  the  King  of  Babylon  was  received  with  greater  ceremony  than 
falls  to  the  lot  of  the  German  Kaiser.  To  welcome  the  former  the  old 
kings  rise  from  their  thrones.  Wilhelm  is  led  by  the  devil  alone,  and 
no  pomp  or  circumstance  of  war  surrounds  him.  His  sin  is  as  the  sin 
of  those  who  have  believed  in  their  transcendent  power  and  are  the 
victims  of  megalomania.  He,  too,  said  in  his  heart:  "I  will  ascend  into 
Heaven,  I  will  exalt  my  throne  above  the  stars  of  God,  I  will  be  like 
the  Most  High."  Yet  thou  shalt  be  brought  down  to  hell,  to  the  sides 
of  the  pit. 

And  the  sentence  passed  on  such  enemies  of  the  human  race  is  the 
same  which  Isaiah  uttered  thousands  of  years  ago.  "Is  this  the  man 
that  made  the  earth  to  tremble,  that  did  shake  kingdoms;  that  made 
the  world  as  a  wilderness  and  destroyed  the  cities  thereof;  that  opened 
not  the  house  of  his  prisoners?"  The  very  catalogue  of  offenses  is 
the  same.  And  the  penalty  is  that  no  such  posthumous  glory  as  en- 
circles the  monarchs  of  the  past  will  come  to  him.  He  goes  down  to 
the  stones  of  the  pit,  cast  out  from  all  honorable  burial,  as  "a  carcass 
trodden  underfoot." 

Never  did  Raemaekers  dip  his  pen  in  bitterer  gall  than  when  he  limned 
this  appalling  picture  of  the  fate  which  awaits  a  merciless  and  blood- 
thirsty tyrant. 

W.  L.  COURTNEY. 


26 


27 


Hohenzollern  Madness 

MAYBE  the  French  poet  of  genius  is  already  born  who  will  sing 
the  Epic  of  Verdun.  One  thinks  of  him  staring  into  his  mother's 
face,  and  blinking  a  pair  of  wondrous  brown  eyes  at  the  summer 
sun.  France  is  too  near,  too  careful  and  troubled  about  the  present,  too 
deeply  plunged  in  grief  and  pain  to  tell  that  story  with  the  majestic 
isolation  of  genius,  or  fling  her  inspiration  wide  enough,  as  yet,  to  catch 
the  significance  of  this  supreme  event. 

Marble  and  bronze  will  record  it,  and  imperishable  verse — of  that  we 
may  be  sure;  for  the  nation  that  has  defended  Verdun  against  the  might 
of  Germany  holds  the  seeds  of  magistral  art.  Art  must  spring  quick- 
ened, enlarged,  and  ennobled  from  these  furnace  fires;  and  it  will  hap- 
pen, as  of  old,  that  a  people  great  enough  to  do  great  deeds  lack  not 
for  children  of  genius  to  record  their  immortality  in  achievements  them- 
selves immortal. 

That  follows  in  fullness  of  time;  for  at  this  moment,  while  cannon 
thunder  and  men  die  happy,  with  the  light  of  coming  victory  for  a  crown, 
we  may  well  think  of  such  men  alone  and  pay  our  homage  to  the  heroes 
who  have  saved  Verdun  at  the  cost  of  their  Ii\es. 

But  what  of  Germany's  sons?  What  of  the  thousands  who  have 
fallen  in  fruitless  attempts  to  take  the  hill  of  Dead  Men? 

It  may  be  ere  long  that  these  armies,  driven  by  whip  and  revolver 
from  behind,  will  wake  to  the  futility  of  their  continued  destruction  and 
begin  to  measure  the  worth  of  the  royal  command  still  hurling  them  to 
death,  that  its  own  wounded  vanity  and  strategical  and  political  in- 
competence shall  find  a  salve  in  their  sacrifice. 

Raemaekers  imagines  nothing  here,  for  his  picture  is  a  transcript 
of  familiar  truth.  Death  welcomes  to  its  bony  bosom  the  pride  of  a 
kingdom,  while  the  rulers  of  that  kingdom  Hog  their  subjects  on  to  the 
annihilation  that  awaits  them.  Such  forlorn  tactics  are  all  that  remain 
to  the  beggared  tyrant  and  his  son.  But  men  are  not  as  corn  or  the 
beasts  of  the  field:  this  harvest  cannot  be  renewed  by  the  passage  of 
a  year;  and  when  Death  has  fed  full,  he  must  wait  for  another  such 
meal  until  the  boyhood  of  Germany  has  come  to  man's  estate.  May 
the  youthful  Teutons  with  their  manhood  win  sanity  also,  and  escape 
forever  the  slavery  that  has  driven  more  than  half  a  million  of  their 
fathers  to  fruitless  destruction  before  Verdun. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


28 


29 


''My  master  asks  you  to  look 
after  these  peace  doves" 

RAEMAEKERS  in  this  excellent  cartoon  is  not  less  direct,  although 
he  is  at  the  same  time  more  subtle,  than  in  some  others.  Holland, 
typilied  by  the  seated  figure,  has  an  expression  of  amazement 
and  suspicion,  if  not  actual  fear,  upon  her  face.  The  Boche  is  not 
content  with  merely  offering  the  basket  of  spurious  doves,  but  has  thrust 
it  upon  Holland's  lap.  The  bearer  who,  in  the  name  of  his  master, 
asks  the  latter  to  look  after  the  "doves"  is  obviously  trying  to  look 
agreeable  as  well  as  innocent,  but  the  battered  helmet  and  the  leer 
upon  his  face  serve  to  betray  him. 

Holland,  says  her  great  artist  in  this  picture,  has  no  use  for  "peace 
doves,"  or,  at  least,  for  those  of  the  breed  that  wear  the  spiked  helmets 
of  the  Prussians.  One  may  suspect,  as  the  artist  and  Holland  herself 
apparently  do,  that  the  "doves,"  symbolic  of  peace,  may  prove  the 
stormy  petrels  of  war.  They  may  be  said  to  typify  the  propagandists 
who,  having  settled  in  Holland  from  the  early  days  of  the  war,  have 
carried  on  a  crafty  campaign  of  misrepresentation  and  calumny  not 
alone  against  the  Allies,  but  against  the  country  which  has  hitherto 
preserved  neutrality  and  sacrificed  so  much  in  works  of  benevolence 
in  regard  to  Belgian  and  other  refugees,  and  the  British  airmen  and 
seamen  which  the  accidents  and  tides  of  war  have  brought  to  or  thrown 
upon  her  shores. 

The  "doves  of  peace,"  and  there  are  many  Germans  now  resident  in 
Holland,  have  probably  all  of  them  "Alannlichcrs"  as  well  as  spiked 
helmets  for  use  if  needed. 

In  regard  to  all  transactions  with  the  Huns  or  their  master,  Holland 
will  do  well  to  remember  Virgil's  oft-quoted  line:  "Timeo  Danaos  et 
dona  ferentes." 

Every  "dove,"  whether  in  the  guise  of  propagandist,  commercial 
representative,  official,  or  agent  for  the  purchase  of  foodstuffs,  and 
whether  bringing  a  cage  of  "peace  doves"  or  bags  of  gold,  is  a  potential 
enemy  to  the  peace  and  independence  of  Holland.  The  triumph  of 
the  Central  Empires  means  the  subjugation  of  the  Dutch  people,  and 
the  "peace  doves"  within  her  borders  would  soon  quit  their  cooing 
and  be  transformed  into  the  "Prussian  Eagle's  brood." 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


30 


'^^^'S~F^<j6'mctfe|^f>rg  ^ 


31 


Famine  in  Belgium 

'  T     T     7 HEN  the  German  conquers  Belgium  and  Poland  the  first  thing 
\/  \/    he  does  is   to  raise  agriculture,  commerce,  and  industry  to  a 
state  of  immediate  prosperity.     Gain  and  comfort  for  the  new- 
subjects  cling  to  the  soles  of  his  feet." 

Thus  the  Rev.  Gerhard  Tolzien  preaching  in  Schwcrin  Cathedral  last 
autumn  at  the  harvest  festival  held  on  the  19th  Sunday  after  Trinity. 
We  must  suppose  he  beheved  it.  One  of  the  stock  attributes  of  Kultur, 
proclaimed  by  its  apostles  and  obediently  repeated  by  their  pupils,  is 
the  beneficent  influence  it  sheds  on  other  lands.  It  showers  gratuitous 
benefits  on  all,  but  only  those  fortunate  enough  to  be  brought  under 
German  sway  reap  the  full  harvest  of  its  blessings.  So  the  domination  of 
the  world  by  Germany  is  justified.  It  is  for  the  people's  good;  it  would  be 
the  millennium. 

Raemaekers  shows  it  to  us  at  work  in  Belgium.  We  see  the  Germans 
who  have  conquered  the  land  carrying  out  those  beneficent  functions 
described  by  the  German  preacher.  Having  brought  agriculture,  com- 
merce, and  industry  to  a  state  of  unprecedented  prosperity,  they  are  watch- 
ing, with  benevolent  satisfaction,  the  signs  of  gain  and  comfort  among 
the  inhabitants.  If  the  emaciated  peasants,  leaving  their  roofless  cottage, 
limping  down  the  empty  street  with  the  few  odds  and  ends  of  rubbish 
not  worth  looting  which  they  still  possess,  or  stopping  to  poke  about  in 
the  gutter  for  a  scrap  of  food — if  they  seem  to  be  at  the  last  extremity  of 
misery,  that  is,  no  doubt,  because  they  are  too  dull  to  appreciate  the 
blessings  of  Kultur. 

Truly  this  is  a  terrible  picture,  a  veritable  nightmare.  There  is  nothing 
more  poignant  in  the  whole  series.  It  would  be  a  relief  to  be  able  to  be- 
lieve Herr  Tolzien's  account,  but  we  fear  that  the  ghastly  contrast 
drawn  by  the  neutral  artist  is  only  too  well  founded  on  fact. 

A.  SHADWELL. 


32 


33 


Poor  Old  Thing 


AN  old  Eno;Iish  proverb,  disdaining  to  be  cramped  by  so  feeble 
and  academic  a  thing  as  grammar,  tells  us  that  "courtesy  is  cum- 
bersome to  him  that  kens  it  not."  It  is  one  of  the  essential  signs 
of  breeding  that  courtesy  is  natural  and  not  cumbersome;  and  if  \vc  may 
take  the  saying  of  the  German  naval  officer  as  true,  that  the  English  will 
always  be  fools  and  the  Germans  will  never  be  gentlemen  (though  it 
is  true  that  the  maker  of  such  a  saying  must  be  a  gentleman  himself), 
we  shall  be  able  to  understand  much  about  the  Central  Powers  that 
is  otherwise  puzzling.  Despite  their  aristocracies  and  their  history, 
and  this  applies  especially  to  Austria,  those  Powers  ha\'e  a  streak  of 
cheapness  running  through  them.  They  are  cads.  They  snarl  and 
bicker  \\ith  each  other  like  a  grocer's  family  in  a  back  parlor.  Unlike 
Lamb's  "party  in  a  parlor,"  they  are  not  all  silent;  possibly  the  rest 
of  the  sentence  holds  true.  Where  was  Wilhelm?  Why  does  n't  Franz 
Joseph  do  better?  But  for  him  we  'd  have  done  such  and  such.  Why 
did  n't  the  fellow  do  better? 

They  growl  about  each  other  to  all  the  winds  of  heaven.  Some 
of  their  griefs  arc  legitimate.  Between  allies  of  different  race  there 
must  always  be  grounds  of  difference  and  even  of  acute  divergence  of 
opinion.  For  generations  the  Austrians  have  disliked  the  Germans  with 
a  hearty  and  vigorous  dislike.  If  ten  years  ago  you  called  a  German 
an  Austrian,  he  corrected  you  with  superciliousness;  if  you  called  an 
Austrian  a  German,  he  corrected  you  with  fury.  Germans  called  Aus- 
trians "stuek-up";  Austrians  called  Germans  merely  "those  Germans." 
And  now  that  they  are  fighting  side  by  side  for  their  existence,  now 
that  their  whole  history  and  homogeneity  as  European  Powers  are  at 
stake,  they  carp  and  snap  like  fretful  sick  puppies. 

We — the  Allies — arc  Latin  and  Slav  and  Saxon  and  Celt,  and  we  shall 
never  understand  each  other  really  well.  The  friendship  of  England 
with  France  is  new,  and  has  been  grafted  on  centuries  of  clean  warfare 
and  honorable  hostility;  but  on  the  many  points  on  which  we  think 
difTerently,  do  we  reproach  each  other?  We  have  all  retreated  since 
the  war  began,  and  in  each  ease  our  Allies  have  hurried  up  to  tell  us 
that  our  retreat  was  a  masterpiece,  as  honorable  as  a  victory.     Why? 

Because:   Noblesse  oblige. 

H.  PEARL  ADAM. 


34 


-^tj-.-t    i:^i^.       .  .^ 


I 


35 


Germany  and  the  Neutrals 

THERE  arc  sonic  points  in  Germany's  attitude  toward  the  neutrals 
w  hich  are  ambiguous.  Others  arc  only  too  tragically  clear.  If  wc 
consider  in  its  general  character  the  German  submarine  crusade,  we 
find  that  its  original  intention — to  damage  not  only  ships  of  war  but 
the  merchantmen  of  Great  Britain,  including  passenger  boats — involves 
also  a  studied  neglect  of  the  rights  of  neutral  ships.  Everything  that  might 
conceivably  help  Great  Britain,  either  in  respect  to  food-stuffs,  commerce, 
or  international  trade,  or  the  voyage  of  harmless  tourists  on  the  seas,  was, 
from  the  point  of  view  of  Berlin,  to  be  exposed  to  the  fury  of  submarine 
attacks  without  any  nice  discrimination  between  enemies  and  neutrals. 
Clearljr  at  one  stage  of  the  war  the  submarine  commanders  had  their  or- 
ders to  stop  and  overhaul  whatever  they  met  on  the  seas,  to  give  very 
inadequate  time  for  the  crews  to  escape,  and  to  refuse  all  assistance  to 
the  victims  struggling  in  the  water. 

The  crisis  of  this  submarine  crusade  w^as  reached  in  the  sinking  of  the 
"Lusitania."  Thereupon  the  American  Government  took  action,  and 
the  Notes  interchanged  between  President  Wilson  and  the  W'ilhelmstrasse 
eventually,  after  much  correspondence,  brought  about  a  temporary  cessa- 
tion of  the  more  violent  methods  of  the  Teuton  pirates.  For  it  became 
clear  that  the  patience  of  President  Wilson  was  almost  exhausted,  and  the 
possibility  of  a  rupture  of  diplomatic  relations  gave  some  pause  to  the 
German  Higher  Command.  The  leading  principles,  however,  of  the 
enemy's  crusade  have  never  been  altered.  Indeed,  many  observers  have 
foreseen  the  recrudescence  of  submarine  attacks,  with  the  aid  of  newer 
and  more  formidable  vessels  with  a  wider  range  of  action  and  a  stronger 

armament. 

The  Berlin  contention  is  that  Great  Britain,  through  her  preponder- 
ance of  naval  power,  is  a  despot  on  the  seas,  infringing  the  liberties  of 
other  nations.  To  restore  freedom  by  limiting  the  activity  of  British 
vessels  has  been  a  constant  parrot-cry  of  the  Teutonic  enemy.  The 
real  truth,  of  course,  is  that  the  blockade  is  having  such  serious  effects  on 
Germany  that  she  is  almost  bound  to  initiate  new  movements,  if  only  to 
shake  off  the  fatal  grasp  of  the  British  ships  of  war. 

Probably  the  neutrals  understand  the  position  quite  as  well  as  we  do, 
but  for  various  reasons  it  is  diflicult  for  them  to  make  an  effective  pro- 
test. Meanwhile  the  innate  brutality  of  submarine  warfare  is  as  obvious 
as  ever  it  was,  and  in  Raemaekers'  cartoon  the  hideous  gorilla  which  rep- 
resents the  Teuton  power  is  gloating  over  its  victims  and  breathing  out 
defiance  against  all  who  attempt  to  curb  it  in  its  reckless  cruelty.  The 
legend  "Gott  mit  Uns"  adds  a  biting  irony  to  the  picture. 

W.  L.  COURTNEY. 


36 


37 


Those  Horrible  Britons 

THE  English  ha\c  always  been  misunderstood  by  foreign  peoples, 
and  I  think  one  of  the  most  benclieial  elfects  of  this  war  will  be 
the  better  understanding  of  John  Bull  by  the  SIa\s,  by  the  Gauls 
— and  by  the  Teutons. 

The  Slavs  up  to  this  time  have  not  known  us  at  all.  In  France  till 
very  recently  the  Englishman  has  been  the  Englishman  of  the  old  Palais 
Royal  farces,  a  creature  with  red  whiskers,  front  teeth  like  the  double 
blank  in  dominoes,  shepherd's  plaid  trousers,  and  a  disengaging  manner. 
Read  Daudet,  read  Hugo,  read  Loti  and  you  will  see  that  even  the  high- 
est intelligences  in  France  have  failed  to  appreciate  John  Bull  at  his 
true  worth,  failed  even  to  understand  him. 

Germany,  who  understands  everything  but  humanity,  has  been  even 
more  backward  than  France.  To  Germany  John  has  figured  as  a  rob- 
ber grown  fat  on  plunder,  soft,  flabby,  and  only  waiting  to  be  plundered. 
To  Germany  and  to  the  Kaiser  John  has  not  figured  as  a  power,  simply 
because  he  has  not  figured  as  a  military  power.  They  believed  him 
effete. 

The  first  seven  divisions  cut  into  this  comfortable  belief  in  a  cruel 
manner.  The  handful  of  English  who  drove  the  Hun  hordes  back 
from  Calais  did  not  put  balm  on  the  wound.  Slowly  and  by  degrees 
the  Kaiser  has  seen  his  last  hopes  broken  by  the  English. 

"Those  Horrible  Britons." 
Raemaekers,  as  always,  has  touched  the  truth. 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


38 


39 


Dr.  Kuyper  to  Germany 

OF  benevolent  neutrality  we  have  all  heard;  and  of  the  existence  of 
the  malevolent  kind,  too,  we  are  quite  frequently  reminded.  The 
Allied  countries  failed  to  perceive  the  benevolence  of  the  Vatican's 
utterance  that  the  violation  of  Belgium  "happened  in  the  time  of  my  pred- 
ecessor," and  so  apparently  called  for  no  comment  from  the  head  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  Since  that  interview  the  inaction  of  the  Vati- 
can, which  had  till  then  been  almost  complete,  and  has  since  been  troubled 
by  one  or  two  tentative  mentions  of  olive  branches  and  no  more,  has 
appeared  in  more  than  a  dubious  light  to  the  Allied  nations.  In  France, 
where  the  opening  of  the  war  brought  about  something  like  a  religious 
revival,  the  Pope's  inaction  and  the  Pope's  speech  caused  a  cold  Gulf 
Stream  of  suspicion  and  disappointment  to  How  steadily  Romeward. 
The  spectacle  of  a  Protestant  premier  of  a  two  thirds  Protestant  country 
favoring  a  mission  to  the  Vatican  is  one  which  would  in  any  case  have 
troubled  Protestants,  and  in  this  case  does  not  even  please  Roman  Catho- 
lics.    Then  who  does  it  please?     Raemaekers  knows. 

Alas  for  the  days  when  we  associated  screens  with  "little  French  mil- 
liners"; what  a  Lady  Teazle  have  we  here!  And  what  a  school  of  some- 
thing worse  than  scandal  holds  its  classes  in  the  seminaries  of  war-politics! 
Dr.  Kuyper,  "the  snowy-breasted  pearl"  of  the  drawing,  is,  perhaps, 
guilty  of  hoping  a  thing  he  does  not  avow;  of  working  for  it;  but  at  least 
even  Raemaekers,  a  stern  critic,  admits  that  without  being  a  villain  (we 
know  the  mark  Raemaekers  sets  on  the  brow  of  his  villains)  he  may  be 
still  quite  pleased  with  himself.  But  the  two  behind  the  screen  are  fur- 
tive, are  anxious,  are  unable  to  enjoy  even  an  act  that  should  further 
their  plans;  they  are  pleased,  but  their  pleasure  is  sicklied  o'er  with  the 
pale  cast  of  a  thought  which  turns  ever  more  eagerly  to  the  future,  and 

turns  back  ever  more  anxiously  to  the  present. 

H.  PEARL  ADAAL 


40 


41 


The  Kaiser's  Diplomacy 

THE  true  story  of  what  happened  in  Montenegro,  when  the  Aus- 
triansre  ported  that  the  country  had  submitted  to  superior  force 
and  accepted  the  domination  of  the  Central  Powers,  and  that 
it  was  abandoning  the  hopeless  task  of  resisting  their  united  strength, 
will  perhaps  be  revealed  in  the  future.  At  present  it  is  unknown.  Prob- 
ably it  will  turn  out  to  have  been  a  great  personal  disappointment  to 
the  Kaiser  and  another  instance  where  his  diplomacy  failed.  It  would 
have  been  a  triumph  to  induce  Montenegro  to  submit  peaceably,  and 
to  have  King  Nicholas  accept  the  position  of  a  client  king  at  Ber- 
lin. But  the  resistance  of  Montenegro  was  not  wholly  overcome.  The 
king  and  the  people  who  had  fought  for  freedom  with  success  against 
all  the  forces  of  Turkey  and  afterward  of  Austria  during  so  many  years 
could  not  submit  to  being  deluded  by  the  blandishments  of  Hadji  W'ilhelm. 
Here  the  artist  shows  Nicholas  with  his  bag  packed  for  the  journey 
to  France,  and  labelled  "Lyon,"  turning  away  from  the  Kaiser,  who 
looks  toward  him  with  seductive  entreaty,  and  presses  his  hands  in 
a  gesture  of  petition.  He  is  making  a  last  attempt  to  induce  the  king 
to  submit  to  fate  and  to  himself;  to  come  to  Berlin,  and  to  be  received 
with  royal  honors  and  enrolled  alongside  the  many  princely  families  of 
Germany. 

The  Kaiser  set  great  store  by  success  in  this  negotiation.  It  would 
have  been  the  beginning,  as  he  hoped,  of  the  breaking  up  of  the  alliance 
among  his  foes.  Even  though  it  was  only  the  small  and  poor  Monte- 
negro that  abandoned  the  Allied  cause,  still  it  was  to  be  the  first  stage 
of  a  general  break-up,  which  would  have  been  hailed  with  triumph 
as  the  beginning  of  the  end.  The  Kaiser  wanted  Nicholas  badljs 
but  Nicholas  was  not  going  alone  to  Berlin,  and  his  last  word  is  that 
"we  will  all  come  later."  Raemaekers,  with  his  unfailing  confidence 
in  a  final  victory,  looked  forward  then,  when  the  cause  of  the  Allies 
seemed  to  be  at  its  lowest  ebb,  to  the  victory  of  the  future,  and  to  the 
victorious  entrance  of  the  united  Allies  into  Berlin.  The  artist  judged 
by  faith,  and  not  by  sight.  He  was  not  a  mere  calculator  of  chances, 
and  an  estimator  of  military  power;  for  those  neutrals  who  judged  on 
such  principles  were  apparently  all  so  profoundly'  impressed  with  the 
overwhelming  military  strength  of  Germany,  that  their  moral  judg- 
ment was  warped.  Raemaekers  had  lived  too  close  to  Germany  to 
be  ignorant  of  her  enormous  strength;  but  he  judges  as  a  prophet,  who 
bears  witness  to  the  moral  quality  of  the  world,  despite  of  the  appar- 
ent balance  of  probabilities. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


42 


V»  ■  m>i^f^iy«y||j  pi>i  IB 


■J  —.'    >T8»1 


1 


— J—  o\ui  I S   r\ci«r»Na*  Kers. 


43 


Cain 


GERMANY'S  practical  attitude  to  small  countries  has  always  given 
the  He  to  her  expressed  bene\c)leiiee.  Her  proposal  at  the  beginning 
of  the  war  to  locahzc  conflict  and  leave  Austria's  sixty  millions  to 
settle  with  the  four  millions  of  Serbia  will  be  remembered.  Then,  after 
solemn  assurance  that  her  neutrality  would  be  respected,  "necessity"dc- 
manded  Germany's  broken  oaths  and  unspeakable  outrage  upon  an  inno- 
cent nation.  It  was  merely  a  choice  between  Belgium  and  Switzerland; 
and  c<)n\enience  decided  for  Belgium.  Abroad  we  have  seen  the  treat- 
ment of  uncivilized  races  and  observed  with  what  thanksgiving  the  in- 
digenous peoples  of  West  Africa,  East  Africa,  and  the  Cameroons  have 
welcomed  Germany's  downfall  as  the  lirst  step  to  restoration  of  liberty  and 
recognition  of  human  rights.  Those  fiends — Prince  Arenberg,  Carl  Peters, 
Chancellor  Leist — are  not  forgotten,  nor  the  Herero  massacres. 

Belgium  has  been  sacrificed  by  the  Cain  of  nations.  He,  who  has 
talked  most  loudly  about  the  rights  of  small  kingdoms  and  his  unbreak- 
able resolution  to  protect  them  against  the  threat  of  the  mighty  and  the 
tyranny  of  the  strong;  he,  who  desired  to  be  his  brother's  keeper,  has 
Belgium  murdered  on  her  pyre.  Within  two  days  of  the  promise  to  leave 
her  inviolate,  she  lay  battered  and  bleeding  under  the  club  of  the  oath- 
breaker.  But  the  smoke  of  the  burning  is  beaten  back  into  the  assassin's 
eyes.  Even  from  the  tribal  god  of  the  Huns  this  sacrifice  has  won  no 
smiles. 

It  has  been  left  for  a  Christian  emperor  in  the  twentieth  century  to 
emulate  the  neolith  barely  emancipated  from  brutedom,  and  set  an 
example  that  the  stone  men  of  old  might  have  hesitated  to  copy. 

We  have  so  long  grown  accustomed  to  the  spectacle  of  martyred  Bel- 
gium, and  are  so  familiar  with  the  whole  story  of  her  rape  and  massacre 
by  this  royal  savage  of  Prussia,  that  the  grief  is  like  to  be  deadened  and 
the  pang  grown  dull;  but  let  no  such  narcotic  drift  over  our  spirits  until 
the  war  is  won.  Not  the  onset  of  poison  gas  would  be  more  fatal  than 
any  emotion  of  indifi"erence,  or  inclination  to  accept  the  situation  now 
achieved  by  treachery,  falsehood,  surprise,  and  villainy  beyond  example, 
as  a  basis  whereon  to  build  any  sort  of  peace.  Let  the  word  be  anathema 
while  the  Hun  still  sucks  the  blood  of  his  sacrifice  and  while  Belgium  and 
Serbia  fester  at  the  touch  of  his  feet;  let  none  breathe  it  until  the  Allies 
alone,  without  enemy  question  or  neutral  interference,  are  in  a  position 
to  impose  a  peace  commensurate  with  their  victory. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


44 


45 


The  Counter -Attack  at 
Douaumont 

THE  fortress  of  Verdun  will  stand  forever,  a  bastion  cut  against 
the  sky,  and  behind  and  above,  like  a  llaming  cresset,  will  burn 
Douaumont. 

Verdun  in  March  of  19 16  was  the  name  of  a  fortress  and  a  town; 
to-day  it  is  no  longer  a  name.  It  has  become  a  word  lifted  among  the 
star  words  common  to  all  kmguages  and  all  times.  Valor,  splendor, 
devotion,  endurance,  patriotism, — how  grand  are  these  words!  Yet 
Verdun  is  the  grandest  of  them  all,  for  it  includes  them  all. 

It  is  the  word  that  France  has  Hung  to  the  world  not  from  her  fleshly 
lips,  but  from  the  lips  ot  her  soul. 

To  the  cringing  neutrals;  to  Swiss  waiters,  and  Dutch  hucksters  and 
English  sedition-mongers,  and  Irish  hole-and-corner  men,  and  Swedish 
marketmen.  To  the  hordes  of  the  Beast  and  the  powers  of  darkness 
France  has  flung  the  light  of  that  one  burning  word,  just  as  the  Spar- 
tans, four  hundred  and  eighty  years  before  the  birth  of  Christ,  flung 
to  us  the  light  of  the  word  Thermopylae. 

The  old  heroic  times  seemed  dead,  littleness  seemed  everywhere,  till 
the  light  of  this  war  showed  the  soul  of  man  great  as  in  the  days  of  Al- 
exander. 

The  counter-attack  at  Douaumont  is  but  an  incident,  a  crystallized 
moment  out  of  the  endless  battle  on  the  Meuse. 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


46 


-Ly^U^J^^  »to'Kje'k^.' 


47 


The  Morning  Paper 

THE  Kaiser  said  "his  heart  bled"  when  the  AUies  raided  Carls- 
ruhe  from  the  air.  The  hemorrhage  was  not  serious,  but  it  had 
a  vahie  as  tending  to  show  that  the  heart  was  there.  Or  was  it 
that  the  Allies  had  performed  the  elassie  feat  of  drawing  blood 
from  a  stone?  It  was  more  than  his  own  airmen  could  do  when  they 
killed  children  and  women  in  London  and  Paris. 

Perhaps  some  day  a  poet  will  arise  who  will  be  able  to  write  for  us  the 
epic  of  the  Morning  Paper  during  this  war.  It  used  to  lie  under  doors 
till  wanted,  and  then  Father  had  it,  and  Mother  didn't  want  it  till  after 
lunch,  and  George  got  it  after  Father,  and  Arthur  must  therefore  buy  an 
"evening"  paper  at  the  station  where  he  caught  the  9:19  to  the  City. 
And  it  really  did  n't  matter  much,  after  all,  except  that  it  was  something 
to  talk  abt)ut,  and  the  Other  Side  was  taking  the  country  to  the  dogs 
(a  trip  on  which  it  has  been  entering  any  time  these  last  five  hundred 
years),  and  one  must  know  the  latest  entries  for  the  Thousand  Guineas, 
anyway,  and  yesterday's  goals. 

And  now!  "Has  n't  the  paper  come  yet?  Where  's  the  paper?  Is 
there  any  news?  What  are  We  doing?  Have  the  French  advanced? 
What  about  Verdun?  Why  's  the  paper  late?  How  's  Russia  this  morn- 
ing? Read  it  out.  Father,  or  else  order  a  copy  each!"  The  holy,  classical, 
breakfast  gloom  of  the  British  family  is  shattered  by  machine-gun  fire 
of  questions,  of  anxiety,  of  hope,  of  anguish,  of  pride,  oi  horror,  of  hope 
again.  Those  folded  sheets  of  printing,  less  clear  than  it  used  to  be,  on 
paper  less  good  than  it  was,  have  even  eclipsed  that  domestic  Mercury, 
the  postman!  Letters  lie  unopened  till  the  news  has  been  scanned.  That 
alone  represents  a  revolution  in  British  family  life,  and  the  same  thing 
obtains  in  all  the  Allied  western  countries. 

And  what  it  represents  is  the  change  of  focus  in  our  minds.  W^e  are  all 
living  more  or  less  intensely  in  an  impersonal  and  sclfiess  atmosphere, 
where  what  others  are  doing  matters  more  than  what  our  friends  are 
doing,  and  where  we  are  blatantly,  fiagrantly,  despite  all  our  national 
traditions,  sure  of  an  Ideal.  We  can  even  talk  about  it!  I  believe  this 
cartoon  by  Raemaekers  has  a  special  appeal  to  the  British  for  this  reason; 
that  the  morning  paper  has  come  to  mean  so  much  to  us,  and  now  rouses 
in  us  such  large,  splendid  feelings,  such  a  magnificence  of  pain,  such  a 
glory  of  anxiety,  such  a  pride  of  suffering — has  made  possible  to  us  ex- 
pression of  so  much  which  we  thought  it  right  and  decent  to  hide  in  our 
hearts  before — that  this  spectacle  of  the  Kaiser  and  his  dame  gloating 
over  innocent  deaths  has  a  force  and  a  drive  which  the  British  arc  bound 
to  recognize  in  a  special  degree.  And  the  faces  of  the  maniac  and  his  senile 
wife,  glowering  at  their  "good  new^s,"  cannot  help  but  recall  to  us  Father's 
look  when  he  read  that  we  had  taken  La  Boisselle,  Mother's  face  when 
she  heard  that  casualties  were  "comparatively"  light.  The  paper  is  some- 
thing more  than  paper  and  ink  nowadays. 

H.  PEARL  ADAM. 


48 


49 


feST' 


V. 


"And  such  a  brave  Zepp 
he  was" 

Aestatcm  incrcpitaiis  serum  Zcpyrnsque  morantes. 

Chicling  tile  lateness  of  tlie  .sunmier  still 
HffWI  And  "Zeppers"  all  too  tardy  for  his  will. 

^HIS  is  rather  the  attitude  we  should  have  expected    of  the    all- 
highest,  whom,  of  course,  the  seasons  ought  to  obey.      It   is  hard 
on   him  that   we  should  have  had  such  a  late  summer,  and  that 
his  "Zeppers"  should   have   had   to   wait  so   long  and,   after  all, 
done  so  little. 

For  the  "gentle  Zeppers"  from  the  east  to-day,  like  those  from  the 
west  of  old,  come  with  fair  weather  and  serene  skies.  They  may  find 
an  exceptional  night  in  winter  when  "the  moon  is  hid,"  for,  like  all 
evil-doers,  "they  love  darkness  rather  than  light,"  and  "the  night  is 
still,"  but  it  is  in  the  calm  of  summer  and  autumn  that  they  look  to 
make  their  best  harvest  and  their  boldest  onslaughts.  Equinoctial  gales, 
sleet  and  snow  do  not  suit  them,  so  brave  are  they.  Thej^  are  not  keen 
to  face  either  the  battle  or  the  breeze,  so  brave  are  they. 

It  would  be  unfair  to  deny  bravery  altogether  to  the  Boches.  They 
have  shown  it  in  their  own  "book  of  arithmetic"  way  on  land,  on  sea, 
and  in  the  air.  (H)immelmann,  as  the  Tommies  of  course  called  him, 
certainly  showed  himself  "at  'ome  in  his  native  (h)element,  as  bold  as  a 
'awk,"  though  brought  down  by  a  half-fledged  eagle  at  the  finish.  But 
he  was  an  aviator  and  took  risks.  The  bra\e  "Zepps"  have  not  taken 
many;  we  do  not  blame  them.  There  is  no  reason  why  they  should, 
and  every  reason  why  they  should  not.  They  are  delicate  and  expensive 
birds  to  rear.  When  they  are  on  the  wing  there  are  a  good  many  "marks 
over,"  and  when  the  anti-aircraft  gun  finds  those  "marks,"  light  cur- 
rency though  they  be,  they  fall  even  faster  than  on  the  Exchange. 

Formidable,  no  doubt,  the  Zepps  are.  It  is  our  good  luck  more  than 
our  good  management  that  they  have  not  done  more  damage.  But 
brave,  as  bravery  goes  in  this  war,  hardly  that,  so  far.  We  should  have 
expected  the  Kaiser  to  curse  them  and  the  weather,  not  to  weep.  Weep- 
ing? Kaisers  and  Kaiserins  and  Count  Zeppelins  should  be  made  of 
sterner  stuff.  We  do  not  hear  that  Herod  and  Herodias  were  seen 
weeping  because  the  attack  on  Rachel  cost  them  an  assassin  or  two. 
Yet  that  is  the  picture  Raemaekers  gi\es  us  here,  scathingly,  sar- 
castically, graphic  as  ever. 

"They  were  brave."  "They  fought  against  odds  unnumbered"  (of 
women  and  children  and  men  10,000  feet  below  them).  "They  fell 
with  their  tails  to  the  foe."  Yes,  the  Zepps  are  very  brave.  They  'II 
have  to  be  braver  still  before  they  're  done! 

HERBERT  WARREN. 

P.S. — This  was  written  before  September  2.  Yes,  they  '11  have  to 
take  more  risks,  and  they  and  their  friends  will  have  to  be  braver  yet. 

h;w. 


50 


51 


Flying  Over  Holland 

HOLLAND  has  acted  a  rather  more  than  neutral  part  in  this  war. 
Cocoa   and   bacon,  butter  and   potatoes,  lard  and  oil,   beef,    lish, 
sugar,  and    rice — the    amount    she    has  eaten  of   these   has  been 
truly  astounding.      She  has  eaten  so  much  and  slept  so   soundly  that 
she  has  not  heard  the  Zeppchns  Hying  over  her,  bound  for  Enghmd. 

Should  aeroplanes  fly  over  her,  bound  for  Germany,  would  she  wake 
up? 

She  has  also  eaten  rubber  and  dry-goods,  and  so  many  other  indi- 
gestible things  that  if  she  does  n't  suffer  from  somnolence,  for  decency's 
sake  and  as  a  proof  that  she  still  belongs  to  the  human  family,  she  ought 
to  pretend  to  sufl'er  from  it — when  the  aeroplanes  fly  over  her,  bound  for 
Germany. 

One  wonders  what  her  opinions  are  on  this  cartoon  presented  to  her 
by  her  most  illustrious  son. 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


52 


53 


"If  they  don 't  increase 
their  Army  " 

WE  were  inclined  at  llie  be<2;innin[;  of  this  war  to  be  a  little  un- 
reasonable in  our  demands  on  the  sympathy  of  the  neutral 
nations.  This  was  particularly  the  case  with  Holland,  whose 
geographical  position  witli  regard  to  Belgium  and  to  ourselves  is  a  most 
delicate  one.  We  did  not  always  consider  sulliciently  what  too  lively 
an  expression  of  opinion  friendly  to  the  Allies  might  cost  the  Dutch. 
They  saw  themselves,  three  years  ago,  watched  through  the  peep-holes  of 
their  eastern  frontier  by  a  neighbor  without  pity,  without  scruple,  and 
without  decency.  To  have  given  the  Germans  an  opportunity  of  attacking 
them  unawares  would  have  been  to  see  the  tulips  of  Haarlem  trampled 
into  mud  and  the  church-windows  of  Gouda  smashed;  to  let  the  libraries 
of  Leyden  be  pillaged  and  the  art-treasures  of  The  Hague  be  carried 
off  to  Berlin;  to  find  the  cathedral  tower  of  Utrecht  used  as  a  target 
for  cannon,  and  the  canals  of  Amsterdam  choked  with  the  corpses  of 
Dutch  women  and  children.  What  Belgium  has  endured  would  be 
poured  out  in  fourfold  horror  upon  Holland.  No  wonder  that  the  Dutch 
are  prudent  in  their  language,  circumspect  in  their  actions. 

Moreover,  till  the  autumn  of  1014,  Holland  had  cultivated  a  pacific 
spirit.  She  did  not  believe  in  military'  danger,  and  through  the  masses 
of  the  people  there  ran  a  kind  of  resentment  against  the  army,  as  a  body 
of  men  paid  out  of  the  taxes  for  doing  nothing.  In  all  this  Holland 
was  wittingly  the  opposite  of  her  ferocious  and  gigantic  neighbor.  But 
all  this  is  over  now.  Raemaekers  shows  us  the  sturdy  Dutch  soldier, 
with  his  back  turned  to  wheedling  German  whisperers,  guarding  the 
long  eastern  frontier  beyond  the  Maas.  Holland  has  been  roused  out 
of  her  opiate  dream  of  non-resistance,  and  she  vibrates  with  heroic 
echoes  from  "\"prcs  and  from  Dixmude.  She  is  fully  aware  that  she  is 
called  upon  to  be  the  arbiter  of  her  own  destiny,  and  that  she  must 
meet  force  with  force.  Holland  is  safe  so  long  as  she  prepares  her  own 
defense,  for  Germany  ne\'er  attacks  unless  she  believes  herself  to  be 
sure  of  victory.  She  knows  that  the  Dutch  have  "increased  their  army," 
and  that  the  hour  of  "easy"  and  insolent  conquest  is  over. 

EDMUND  GOSSE. 


54 


55 


Religion  and  Patriotism 

THIS  horrible  war  that  has  been  sprung  upon  us  has  taught  the 
Empire  many  useful  lessons.  It  has  i^een  a  revelation  in  character 
vahic.  In  the  long  piping  time  of  peace,  before  grim-visaged  war 
broke  in  upon  us,  we  were  much  too  self-centered.  Colonials  and  others 
returning  from  our  overseas  dominions  to  the  "Old  Country"  did  not 
hesitate  to  say  how  appalled  they  were  I)y  the  weahh  and  how  shocked 
they  were  by  the  uses  to  which  it  was  being  put  in  England. 

It  seemed  to  them,  coming  home  from  the  simple  life  to  the  lap  of 
luxury,  that  men  and  women  in  England  were  living  to  pile  up  colossal 
wealth  and  to  bask  in  the  sunshine  of  newspaper  notoriety.  I  might 
continue  in  this  strain  for  pages  more,  but  that  is  not  my  purpose.  What 
I  do  want  to  say  is  that,  as  soon  as  the  tocsin  of  war  was  heard  across  the 
silver  sea,  and  the  bugle-call  of  duty  was  sounded,  these  same  club- 
loungers  and  society-loafers  rolled  up,  rallying  to  the  flag  as  though  they 
had  been  born  for  nothing  else.  In  the  story  of  England's  life  only  will 
the  headline  "Five  Millions  of  Volunteers  to  the  Colors"  be  read,  top- 
ping the  chapter  telling  of  this  European  war  to  our  children's  children. 

Not  only  have  those  on  the  highest  rung  of  the  social  ladder  responded 
to  the  King's  call  for  service,  but  those  on  the  lowest  rung  also — never 
was  there  such  a  fellowship  in  arms  by  land  and  on  sea. 

But  if  England  with  her  overseas  peoples  stands  out  in  such  fine  relief 
against  the  dark  war  background,  we  must  not  forget  that  our  Allies 
have  shone  out  as  conspicuously  as  ourselves  as  fighting  patriots,  resolved 
to  do  or  die. 

Chaplains,  too,  have  done  fine  work  for  country  as  well  as  for  religion. 

Conspicuous   among   all   Churchmen   rises   the   lithe,    imposing,    ascetic 

figure  of  His  Eminence  Cardinal  Mercier.       If  ever  there  was  a  follower 

of  the  Good  Shepherd,  ready  to  lay  down  his  life  for  his  sheep,  it  is  the 

Cardinal  Archbishop  of  Malines.     "The  Good  Shepherd  giveth  his  life 

for  his  sheep."     Nothing  could  have  pleased  the  Cardinal  better  than  to 

have  escaped  the  sights  forced  upon  him  by  sacrificing  his  own  life  for  his 

flock.     But  it  was  not  to  be;  his  life  has  been  spared  that  all  the  world 

might  find  in  this  good  shepherd  its  object  lesson  in  true  religion  and  in 

true  patriotism. 

BERNARD  VAUGHAN. 


56 


\-^ 


louis  t"^ciemcie|<;erj 


57 


The  Prisoners 


AMONG  the  suggestions  for  treating  our  German  prisoners,  the 
publie  has  mis  understood  that  emanating  from  the  Government. 
To  utter  the  word  "reprisals,"  when  we  know  right  well  that  the 
whole  sense  and  tradition  of  this  eountry  would  rise  in  rebelHon  against 
any  such  system,  is  to  speak  in  vain.  Moreover,  other  and  juster  lines 
of  action  are  within  our  reach.  It  has  been  suggested  that  we  should 
treat  our  prisoners  exactly  as  Germany  treats  hers;  but  since  her  system 
is  beneath  the  accepted  standards  of  humanity,  and  such  as  no  civihzed 
country  could  practise  without  loss  of  self-respect,  that  course  remains 
unjustified.  A  worthier  way  would  seem  to  be  that  those  responsible 
for  the  crime  arc  made  to  suffer,  and  that,  instead  of  doing  injustice 
now  by  punishing  men  not  to  blame  for  our  enem\'s  cruelties,  we  exact 
justice  after  the  war  is  ended  and  then  look  to  it  that  all — chiefs  and 
subordinates  alike — who  have  tortured  and  starved  the  Allied  prisoners, 
in  military  or  internment  camps,  should  be  brought  to  pay  the  penalty 
for  their  cowardly  villainies.  That  will  lie  within  our  power;  and  did 
Germany  clearly  understand  the  intention,  it  is  reasonable  to  hope  she 
might  take  steps  to  save  herself  from  the  conseciuences  of  her  brutality. 
Moreover,  the  threat  is  no  mere  thunder,  for  though  the  country  is  still 
in  ignorance,  still  buoyed  by  false  news  and  fatuous  communiques,  those 
at  the  helm  know  well  enough  the  Central  Empires  are  on  a  lee  shore  of 
ultimate  defeat. 

With  some  truth  these  boys,  spectacled  students  and  stunted  human 
failures  swept  into  the  net  of  France's  prisoners,  may  echo  their  "all- 
highest"  and  say:  "We  did  not  want  to  do  it."  They,  indeed,  did  not, 
and  who  can  feel  for  them  much  more  than  pity?  Such  men  are  not 
even  good  cannon  fodder;  and  no  more  striking  comment  on  the  passes 
to  which  Germany  is  coming  in  her  efforts  to  fill  the  failing  lines  need 
be  sought  than  in  the  material  our  prisoners  often  reveal.  She  has, 
indeed,  many  thousands  more  of  the  cream  of  her  manhood  to  destroy 
before  the  end;  but  to  offer  such  feeble  stufT  as  this  to  the  combustion 
of  war  cannot  long  delay  the  final  need. 

Seiior  Gomez  Garrillo,  writing  as  a  neutral  in  the  "Gaulois,"  has  told 
us  how  the  British,  though  fully  realizing  the  hatred  of  the  German 
people,  do  not  echo  it;  for  they  see  in  their  prisoners  only  unhappy 
men,  to  be  treated  with  compassion  and  respect.  That  is  not  a  spirit 
that  will  be  found  on  the  losing  side  of  the  W^orld  War. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


58 


59 


Well,  My  Friend! 

THIS  picture  represents  two  men  w  horn  the  accidents  of  diplomacy 
and  intrigue  have  placed  upon  the  thrones  of  two  small  nations  of 
southeastern  Europe.  The  peoples  whom  they  respectively  rule 
have  every  conceivable  reason  for  desiring  the  triumph  of  that  principle  of 
international  right  for  which  the  Allies  stand  in  this  war,  and  which  is 
the  only  possible  defense  of  small  nationalities.  They  have  also  special 
obligations  toward  those  who  are  to-day  championing  that  principle,  for 
the  Bulgarians  owe  their  liberation  from  Turkish  tyranny  primarily 
to  Russia,  while  the  Greeks  owe  the  restoration  of  their  national 
independence  to  that  very  combination  of  Great  Britain,  France  and 
Russia  which  at  Navarino  nearly  a  century  ago  half-foreshadowed  the 
present  Great  Alliance. 

But  of  these  men  one  is  an  intriguer  of  mean  origin,  vile  antecedents, 
and  corruptly  personal  aims,  while  the  other  is  the  husband  of  a  Hohen- 
zollern.  Therefore,  in  the  one  case  the  intriguer  sells  his  people  to  the 
enemy,  while  in  the  other  the  semi-German  princeling  deserts  not  only 
his  natural  allies,  but  those  to  whom  he  is  pledged  by  treaty.  Of  the 
Balkan  States,  Serbia  alone  is  faithful  to  the  cause  of  nationality;  and  it  is 
not  unimportant  to  note  that  of  these  states  Serbia  alone  possesses  a 
native  dynasty.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  after  the  war  princes  will  no  longer 
figure  among  the  exports  of  the  German  Empire. 

CECIL  CHESTERTON. 


60 


f^l 


L.1S    K~'^       ■        '^     'v'  '■     ^■— 


61 


"How  quiet  it  must  be  in  the 

English  harbors  blockaded 

by  our  fleet" 

RAEMAEKERS  has  here  selected  two  typical  naval  ofTicers,  and 
has  placed  them  on  the  quay  in  Kiel  Harbor,  pacing  along  in 
sight  of  the  water  and  some  of  the  ships  of  the  High  Seas  Fleet 
lying  at  anchor. 
The  expressions  on  the  two  faces  are  worth  careful  study.  On  that 
of  the  taller  and  nearer  man  one  has  a  cleverly  caught  and  underlying 
indication  of  doubt.  He  seems  to  say:  "Of  course,  we  are  blockading 
the  British  Fleet,  which  has  taken  shelter  from  our  invincible  warships 
in  the  Thames  Estuary.  And,  of  course,  since  the  Battle  of  Jutland, 
we  have  swept  the  seas  and  wrested  the  trident  from  the  grasp  of  Brit- 
ain. But  .  .  .  ."  At  the  back  of  his  mind  is  evidently  at  all  events 
the  germ  of  a  question.  "Why,  if  this  be  so,  do  our  ships  lie  at  anchor, 
and  our  people  go  short  of  the  imported  necessities  of  life?"  And  in 
the  mind  of  that  type  of  man  no  amount  of  inspired  press  accounts 
of  fictitious  victories,  and  no  thanks  of  the  Kaiser  and  profusion  in 
the  decoration  of  "naval  heroes,"  can  lull  to  rest  the  suspicion  that  all 
is  not  as  it  should  be. 

The  second  type  depicted  is  a  more  common  one  in  the  German  Navy. 
He  carries  his  chin  up,  while  his  companion  carries  his  down.  He  says: 
"Of  course,  we  have  driven  the  British  Battle  Fleet  to  its  harbors, 
and,  of  course,  wc  won  a  notable  victory  off  Jutland,  and,  equally  of 
course,  when  we  bombarded  Scarborough  and  other  seaside  pleasure 
resorts  we  actually  destroyed  immensely  strong  fortifications,  and  did 
enormous  and  material  damage  to  military  and  naval  bases."  This 
type  of  man  could  believe  anything.  And  he  does!  He  has  assimilated 
greedily  all  the  mental  pabulum  that  is  designed  to  teach  that  Germany 
cannot  be  beaten  because  she  is  Germany,  and  that  the  Germans  are  supe- 
rior to  every  other  race.  He  swallowed  it  as  greedily  as  a  small  boy,  a  col- 
legian, or  a  naval  cadet,  and  it  has  become  part  of  him.  He  neither 
can  know,  will  know,  nor  wishes  to  know  the  truth.  There  is  something 
pathetic  as  well  as  stupid  in  his  blindness  and  imperviousness  to  facts. 
He  is  of  the  type  which  will  believe  Germany  invincible  long  after  she  has 
been  beaten.  He  is  of  the  type  that  will  prolong  the  war  by  continuing 
to  celebrate  phantom  victories  even  when  the  fleets  of  the  Allies  are 
hammering  at  the  gates  of  the  Kiel  Canal.  In  this  cartoon  Raemaekers' 
satire  is  gentler  than  its  wont,  but  not  less  effective  on  that  account. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


62 


M 


63 


The  Brigands 


AH,  No!  Not  brigands!  Not  pirates!  They  belong  to  the  good 
days  of  youth,  the  "Boys' Own  Annual,"  Stevenson,  Henty,  Kings- 
ton, when  there  were  words  of  pure  inagie  that  wrought  spells.  Is 
there  a  boy  with  soul  so  dead  who  never  to  himself  hath  said  "Sallee 
Rovers,"  "High  Barbary,"  "Masked  Men  on  Maidenhead  Thieket,"  "A 
Toby  Man  on  a  Black  Horse,"  for  the  sheer  pleasure  of  evoking  the  little 
shiver  that  goes  with  Romance?  Has  the  deep  villainy  of  Long  John 
Silver  anything  in  common  with  Tirpitz?  Long  John  would  never  have 
allowed  the  right  of  Tirpitz  to  fly  the  Jolly  Roger.  Would  Claude  Duval 
have  taken  the  Kaiser's  hand?     Never! 

The  skull  and  crossbones  have  fallen  on  evil  days,  the  black  Hag  has 
had  its  sable  purity  rent  and  torn;  no  boy  is  going  to  stick  his  nose  into 
a  book  about  the  Kaiser  and  \\  illic  in  future  days,  in  order  to  snulT  up 
sensuously  the  very  smell  of  such  a  jolly  good  tale.  Ah,  these  others 
were  a  merry  company,  and  they  swung  very  rightly  on  creaking  gallows, 
or  walked  the  plank  into  glittering  foreign  seas,  for  crimes  which  would 
show  saintly  white  upon  the  Potsdam  flag.  They  were  bad  men,  but  wit- 
less, too;  they  did  such  petty  sins,  imagined  such  small  crimes.  If  they 
bullied  a  little  boy,  we  thought  them  already  damnable  rascals!  One 
little  boy!  Anybody  could  count  him  on  their  lingers;  but  we  need  the 
higher  mathematics  to  compute  the  wrong  of  Potsdam.  It  is  like  weigh- 
ing Saturn,  or  measuring  Lucifer;  we  must  go  outside  our  world  to  do 
either. 

Better  the  lonely  gibbet  on  the  heath  than  the  stalled  ox  of  Potsdam; 
let  us  walk  the  plank  like  the  honest  murderers  we  are,  and  go  to  the 
perdition  that  suits  with  our  knaveries  and  cruelties  and  black  crimes; 
but  let  us  from  creaking  chain  and  blanched  sea-sand  enter  a  protest 
against  having  the  Berlin  brood  fathered  on  us;  nay,  sirs,  must  even 
the  good  fat  swine  in  his  filth  be  compared  with  such  as  these? 

H.  PEARL  ADAM. 


04 


-L  oojsl^'^  « f^  o  eVg^J; 


til 


65 


It  Looks  So  in  Serbia 

IT  emphatically  does  not  look  so  in  Serbia.  No  artist  dare  portray 
the  infamous  truth  of  it.  I  have  found  something  of  that  in  the  re- 
port of  an  inquiry  conducted  by  Dr.  Reiss,  of  the  Lausanne  Univer- 
sity, in  such  of  the  devastated  districts  as  were  not  left  in  the  actual 
occupation  of  the  enemy.  "Belgium  was  a  mothers'  meeting  to  it,"  as 
some  phrase-maker  put  it.  All  that  was  worst  in  a  nation,  of  whom  a 
tolerant  general  opinion  held  that  it  was  unfortunate  rather  than  un- 
kindly, came  out  in  that  second  version  of  the  "punitive  expedition" 
of  which  the  first  ended  so  ingloriously. 

It  is  an  attribute  of  chivalry  to  respect  courage,  and  of  civilization 
to  hold  under  control  the  passions  that  blaze  up  in  the  furnace  of  war. 
Austria  has  eternally  forfeited  her  reputation  for  chivalry  and  culture. 
She  has  chosen  to  range  herself  with  her  allies:  with  the  Germans  of 
Aerschot,  Termonde,  Dixmude;  with  the  Turks  of  the  Armenian  holo- 
causts; with  that  glorious  squadron  of  Bulgarian  cavalry  that  charged 
and  sabred  a  square  of  defenseless  prisoners. 

The  first  Austrian  legions,  underestimating  their  enemy,  broke  igno- 
miniously  against  the  intrepid  mountaineers.  They  came  back  in 
overwhelming  force  and  wreaked  their  vengeance  for  their  former  defeat 
with  a  more  than  German  frightfulness. 

One  dare  not  take  the  responsibility  of  referring  readers  to  Dr.  Reiss's 
book.  Its  cold  precision,  its  scientific  tabulation,  its  sickening  photo- 
graphs, make  up  a  nightmare  horror  which  should  be  thrust  upon  no  one 
who  can  avoid  it. 

But  if  there  be  a  recording  angel 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


66 


lL.OuiiTS.anY.nfk.Frc 


67 


Victory  by  Imposture 

THE  peacemaker,  Ford,  is  sailing  away  in  a  l)oat,  with  the  flag 
of  the  United  States  at  the  stern,  leaving  behind  him  the  four 
Germanic  Powers.  On  their  alliance  is  inscribed:  "Victory! 
Victory!  Colossal  victory!";  but  the  alliance  is  only  a  life-buoy,  and  the 
Powers  arc  struggling  in  the  sea  of  fate,  and  are  in  imminent  danger  of 
drowning.  They  strive  by  loud  words  to  maintain  to  the  world  their 
pretense  of  victory;  but  it  is  all  sham,  and  they  know  that  their  lives 
are  at  stake.  The  whole  fabric  of  the  German  alliance  is  to  this  artist 
a  morally  gigantic  imposture,  and  rests  on  an  elaborate  system  for  dup- 
ing the  surrounding  world.  Austria,  Bulgaria,  and  Turkey  have  enough 
to  do  to  hold  on  to  the  life-buoy  and  save  themselves  from  death.  Turkey 
has  a  bad  grip,  and  looks  as  if  he  could  hardly  cling  on.  Bulgaria  is,  if 
possible,  worse  situated;  Ferdinand  holds  with  one  hand  and  with  his 
chin.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  has  his  shoulder  well  over  the  life-saving 
buoy,  but  although  the  hold  is  good,  his  physical  strength  is  failing. 
The  Kaiser  alone  has  a  firm  hold  and  plenty  of  strength  left,  but  he  has 
already  been  under  water,  for  his  helmet  is  dripping;  and  his  cry  for 
help  is  addressed  to  the  retreating  peacemaker.  The  boasting  words 
inscribed  on  the  alliance  are  addressed  to  the  surrounding  world,  but 
the  word  that  comes  from  his  heart  is  a  cry  for  peace. 

When  this  cartoon  was  published,  Germany  was  apparently  going 
on  from  victory  to  victory.  Many  people  feared  that  the  Prussian 
victory  was  assured,  but  Raemaekers  never  doubted.  His  confidence 
in  the  victory  of  truth  and  justice  never  failed  for  an  instant.  In  his 
cartoons  he  sees,  like  a  prophet  or  a  poet,  right  into  the  heart  of  the 
great  movements  in  history.  It  is  not  that  he  conveys  the  impression 
of  mere  blind,  unreasoning  confidence  in  the  victory  of  any  particular 
nation  which  he  admires,  or  in  which  he  believes,  or  which  he  considers 
to  be  most  wealthy  and  most  capable  of  paying  the  expenses  and  sup- 
plying the  "silver  bullets"  in  unceasing  abundance.  His  sublime  as- 
surance is  based  on  moral  issues;  he  hates  the  cruel  and  the  deceitful 
nation  and  man,  because  among  other  things  they  are  an  outrage  on 
nature,  a  blotch  disfiguring  the  fair  face  of  the  world,  and  he  knows 
that  a  cause  which  is  based  on  disregard  of  international  obligations, 
and  buttressed  by  a  policy  of  "frightfulness"  and  a  general  system  of 
imposture  and  deception,  must  fail.  The  world  of  men  will  not  endure 
it;  the  divine  order  of  things  has  rejected  it.  He  can  no  more  doubt 
about  the  issue  than  could  one  of  the  old  Hebrew  prophets.  He  has 
seen,  and  he  knows. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


68 


,-_^.   ■•tt"  ./"" 


69 


Shell-Making 


SHELLS!  Shells!  In  the  name  of  the  Prophet,  shells!  Shells  for 
Britain  and  Belgium,  for  France  and  Russia  and  Italy,  for  Serbia 
and  Roumania!  Sliells,  shells,  and  ever  more  shells!  It  is  a  ery 
with  which  wc  are  familiar  now,  terribly  familiar.  We  remember — 
though  events  crowd  on  so  fast  that  we  forget  much — how  a  year  or  two 
ago  it  was  yet  more  terrible,  for  it  was  a  cry  unanswered  and  unanswerable. 

Our  little  army — so  little,  but  so  great  in  heart — "our  dauntless  army, 
scattered  and  so  small,"  sans  machine-guns,  sans  howitzers,  sans  shells, 
sans  masks,  sans  everything,  still  snatched  for  us,  if  not  victory,  yet 
time,  tinic  for  everything.  To-day  it  has  grown  from  hundreds  to 
thousands,  and  thousands  to  millions,  and  its  munitions  have  grown 
faster  still.  What  were  Mr.  Montagu's  figures  the  other  day?  They  were 
incredible.  Britain's  output  of  "heavy  shell"  has  been  multiplied 
ninety-Jour,  wellnigh  one  hundred,  times.  The  talc  of  shells  it  took  a 
whole  weary  year  to  make  in   i()i4  can  now  be  made  in /our  days! 

How  has  it  been  brought  about?  Largelj'  by  the  enthusiasm,  the 
faith  and  fire,  of  one  man  and  many  women, — by  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and 
the  workers  who  have  rallied  to  his  call. 

This  picture  shows  the  jjroeess.  It  is  a  picture  truh'  striking,  graphic, 
beautiful,  gladdening  yet  saddening. 

These  countless,  shapely,  well-knit  figures  bending  over  their  task 
eagerly,  earnestly;  the  power-bands  revolving,  the  lathes  turning  unceas- 
ingly, the  tools  biting,  polishing,  finishing;  creation  in  full  swing! 

All  the  rare  gifts  of  womanht)()d  are  here,  but  how  strangely  used !  What 
a  pathetic  paradox!  It  is  women's  privilege  to  be  the  mothers,  the 
nurses,  the  ministers,  the  angels  of  life.  But  these  are  mothers  and 
angels  of  death.  They  know  what  they  are  doing.  It  is  for  their  men, 
their  babes,  their  honor,  they  transform  themselves.  All  the  woman's 
love  and  passion,  her  enthusiasm,  her  neat  and  delicate  hand,  her  do- 
cility are  here,  making,  moulding  these  shining  shells,  multitudinous 
as  their  namesakes  of  the  ocean;  and  like  them  each  is  fashioned  nicely  to 
pattern,  voluted,  enamelled,  burnished,  with  their  strange  knobs  and 
grooves  the  product  of  long  evolution,  exact  and  right,  and  then  stacked 
gross  by  gross,  and  thousand  by  thousand,  canned  earthquakes, 
bottled  death,  to  be  broken  and  to  break  to-morrow  in  the  storms  and 
on  the  ridges  of  war. 

Dux  femina  facti!     What  work  to-day  is  not  woman's? 

Shells,  shells,  ever  more  shells! 

HERBERT  WARREN, 


70 


/■■'^'^ 


.f/.i 


¥,  A( 


i 


M:^ 


71 


Another  Australian  Success 

A  LONDON  snapshot  in  lighter  mood  and  a  pretty  compliment  to 
the  Australians,  who  arc  cutting  out  Jack,  Tommy,  and  even 
Sandy  in  bonnet  and  kilt,  under  the  shadow  of  Nelson's  lions. 
Well,  none  but  the  brave  deserve  the  fair,  and  no  one  grudges  them  their 
success. 

But  the  picture  may  be  read  in  a  different  sense.  After  all,  whose  is 
the  success  here?  If  there  were  one  Australian  and  two  girfs,  now,  that 
would  be  something  Hke  success.  Too  nuicli  success,  indeed!  He 
might  say:  "How  happy  could  I  be  with  either!"  The  girl  does  not 
sa}^  that;  no  girl  ever  does.  She  wants  them  both  and  apparently  she 
has  got  them.  The  success  is  hers,  and  other  girls  will  certainly  grudge 
it  to  her,  particularly,  one  fancies,  those  in  Australia,  who  may  have  their 
own  reasons  for  a  qualified  approval  of  conquests  in  Trafalgar  Square. 
So  Britannia's  sons  may  be  cut  out,  but  Britannia's  daughter  carries 
off  the  honors  and  redresses  the  balance. 

This  snapshot,  by  the  way,  was  evidently  taken  before  London  was 
laid   in   ruins   by  Zeppelins   (see  the   Wolll  Bureau   and   German  papers 

passiwi). 

A.  SHADW'ELL. 


72 


73 


The  Sea  the  Path  of  Victory 

THE  Kaiser  and  the  Prussian  people  doubtless  encourage  them- 
selves by  remembering  the  tremendous  struggle  which  Frederick, 
so-called  the  Great,  waged  against  an  ahnost  ovcrwhchning  coaH- 
tion  of  the  neighboring  peoples,  but  they  carclully  and  intentionally 
forget  that  Prussia  had  as  its  ally  throughout  that  desperate  struggle  of 
the  Seven  Years'  War  the  power  of  England,  \\  hich  it  hates.  It  deliber- 
ately forgets  that  the  sea  was  always  open  then,  that  its  friends  could 
come  and  go,  and  that  supplies  of  every  kind  could  be  brought  in  over 
a  friendly  "German  Ocean."  It  has  often  been  said  that  the  Kaiser, 
when  he  fixed  the  date  for  the  beginning  of  the  war,  had  forgotten  to 
take  counsel  with  the  naval  command,  but  there  seems  no  reason  to 
doubt  that  at  least  he  took  counsel  with  Tirpitz,  the  responsible  head  of 
the  navy. 

Tirpitz  was  not  a  man  to  be  ignored,  but  neither  was  he  a  man  \\  hose 
opinion  about  naval  strategy  was  to  be  trusted.  He  has  shown  him- 
self a  typical  German  organizer,  marvellously  excellent  in  the  building 
of  a  fleet  of  ships,  but  his  ignorance  of  the  real  principles  of  naval  war- 
fare and  of  naval  power  has  proved  itself  to  be  colossal  and  truly  Ger- 
manic. It  would  surprise  no  one  if  history  should  hereafter  disclose 
that  Tirpitz,  through  some  quaint  perversion  of  reasoning  power,  had 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  time  for  the  war  had  arrived  at  the 
end  of  July,  1914.  The  true  principle  of  naval  power  manifests  itself 
steadily  in  the  course  of  history,  and  the  artist  in  this  cartoon  expresses 
it  through  the  figure  of  the  hydraulic  press,  under  which  the  Kaiser 
is  being  slowly  crushed.  Beneath  the  irresistible  weight  of  its  descent 
his  sword  is  bending  and  useless;  it  will  soon  break.  The  figure  of 
the  hydraulic  press  is  more  apt  than  the  phrase  which  was  applied  to 
the  Russian  armies  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  by  the  English  press. 
The  "steam-roller"  has  proved  itself  a  singularly  unsuitable  figure  to 
express  the  strength  of  the  Russian  armies,  for  it  is  totally  unlike  the 
lightning  strategy  of  Brussilof  or  the  enduring  blows  of  the  Grand  Duke. 
To  Raemaekers  the  hydraulic  press  becomes  a  sort  of  compendium 
of  naval  power;  and  a  quaint  resemblance  to  the  turrets  and  protruding 
guns  of  a  fleet  of  battleships  is  imparted  by  the  artist  to  the  upper  parts 
of  the  engine.  The  sea  is  the  friend  of  Britain.  The  sea  expresses  its 
friendship  in  many  ways.  It  is  the  friend  of  the  Netherlands  to  save 
that  country  from  German  invasion,  and  it  is  the  instrument  through 
which  Great  Britain  crushes  down  the  armies  of  Prussia. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


74 


/o 


Balaam  and  his  Ass 

WE  k,iio\\  I  he  story  of  the  oracles  of  Balaam  as  narrated  in 
chapters  XXII  and  XXIII  of  "Numbers."  Balaam  is  sent  for 
by  Balak,  king  of  the  Moabites,  in  order  that  he  might  curse  the 
children  of  Israel  whose  invasion  threatened  Moab  with  dire  peril.  Ba- 
laam first  refuses  to  journey  to  BaUik;  then,  subsequently,  he  is  induced 
to  change  his  mind.  Riding  on  his  ass  the  prophet  accompanies  the 
princes  of  Moab,  and  on  his  way  is  confronted  by  the  angel  of  the  Lord. 
The  ass,  much  wiser  than  his  master,  dares  not  pass.  Balaam,  who 
could  not  see  the  obstacle  in  the  path,  struck  his  ass  three  times.  There- 
upon his  eyes  were  opened,  and  the  ass,  speaking  with  the  mouth  of  a 
man,  rebuked  the  prophet  for  his  senselessness  and  his  brutality.  In 
the  sequel,  though  Balaam  meets  with  Balak,  he  is  not  permitted  to 
curse;  he  can  only  bless  the  children  of  the  Lord. 

This  is  the  story  which  is  in  Raemaekers'  mind  in  his  spirited  car- 
toon. Balaam  is,  of  course,  the  German  emperor;  his  ass  is  the  long- 
sulTering  German  people,  forced  by  threats  to  advance  over  millions 
of  strewn  corpses  and  rotting  skulls,  and  the  angel  in  the  path  bears 
on  its  shield  the  words  Justice,  Liberty,  Humanity. 

Unlike  the  prototype  whom  Raemaekers  has  selected,  the  German 
emperor  refuses  to  recognize  that  his  real  opponent  in  the  tremendous 
war  is  the  civilized  conscience  of  mankind.  But  the  German  people 
is  beginning  to  understand  and  realize  at  what  appalling  cost  it  is  being 
sent  to  the  shambles.  Perhaps  in  time  the  eyes  of  the  Kaiser  himself 
may  be  opened,  and  when  that  day  of  enlightenment  comes  he  will 
discover  that  no  amount  of  iron  crosses  or  lying  telegrams  will  induce 
the  German  fatherland  to  fight  any  longer  against  the  ordinances  of 
God. 

Far  away  on  the  horizon  are  to  be  observed  the  funeral  crosses  which 
reveal  so  eloquently  the  history  of  the  war.  For,  indeed,  the  best  and 
bravest  youth  of  most  of  the  nations  of  Europe  is  being  sacrificed  to 
suit  the  truculent  ambition  of  a  blind  and  reckless  autocrat. 

W.  L.  COURTNEW 


76 


1 


77 


A  Genuine  Dutchman 

EVER  since  the  great  poet,  Willem  Bildcrdijk,  more  than  a  hundred 
years  ago,  findhig  the  intellectual  life  of  his  country  submerged  in 
Teutonic  sentimentaHty,  turned  the  German  doves  out  of  the  temple 
of  the  Dutch  Muses,  HoUand  has  followed  the  intellectual  example  of 
France  more  than  that  of  any  other  country.  The  Dutch  have  a  passion 
for  individualism  which  carries  them  in  a  direction  exactly  opposite  to 
the  moral  and  artistic  tyranny  of  Prussian  Kullur,  and  gives  a  totally 
diflercnt  coloring  to  their  respect  for  mental  distinction.  But  the  in- 
sidious propaganda  of  Berlin  had  of  late  done  fresh  mischief,  and  when  the 
war  broke  out  a  considerable  portion  of  the  Dutch  clergy  and  a  small  but 
violently  militant  university  clique  of  professors  showed  themselves  sur- 
prisingly bitter  against  the  Allies,  and  particularly  against  France.  There 
was  a  reflection  of  this  in  the  ruling  class,  while  the  conduct  of  the  Govern- 
ment, although  perfectly  correct  in  regard  to  the  Entente  Powers,  was  not 
considered  by  the  mass  of  the  Dutch  people  to  protect  the  nation  vigilantly 
enough  against  the  coarse  propaganda  of  Germany. 

In  Raemaekers'  cartoon  we  see  this  propaganda  in  action.  A  cor- 
pulent journalist,  hocbe  of  the  hocbcs,  fitted  out  with  plenty  of  money 
and  a  suit  of  Dutch  peasant  clothes  provided  by  Wilhelmstrasse,  struts 
about  in  Holland,  and  being  now  "a  genuine  Dutchman,"  will  start  a 
newspaper  in  the  German  interest.  But  the  real  Dutch  see  through  him 
and  laugh  at  his  pretensions. 

The  fall  of  Mr.  Trub,  the  eminent  statesman  whose  sympathies  were 
openly  with  the  Allies,  was  considered  in  Germany  to  be  a  triumph  for 
Teutonic  intrigue  in  Holland.  The  success  of  Mr.  Cort  van  der  Linden 
seemed  to  confirm  this  impression.  But  the  corpulent  and  bearded 
boche,  in  whom  Raemaekers  symbolizes  the  secret  journalistic  work  of 
Germany  in  Holland,  acted  too  insolently  and  went  too  far.  He  awakened 
the  Vadcrlandsche  Club,  or  Club  of  Patriots,  which  has  been  formed 
specifically  to  guard  Dutch  interests  and  to  oppose  with  vigor  the  ad- 
vances of  Germany.  The  response  with  which  this  association  has  been 
greeted  in  all  parts  of  the  country;  the  discomfiture  of  the  "Toekomst,"  the 
newspaper  mainly  financed  by  our  stout  friend  in  the  baggy  breeches; 
and  the  sustained  prosperity  of  the"Telegraaf,"  the  patriotic  journal  which 
Germany  attempted  first  to  purchase  and  then  to  suppress,  show  that 
Holland  can  distinguish  a  travestied  Prussian  from  "a  genuine  Dutch- 
man." 

EDMUND  GOSSE. 


78 


79 


Another  Fictory  for  the  Germans 

THERE  is  not  niLicli  laughter  in  this  war,  but  when  Raemaekcrs 
chooses  he  can  recall  to  us  for  a  little  while  the  hearty,  lung-filling 
delight  of  other  days.  And  here  we  have  it.  A  Kaiser  so  prayer- 
fully, passionately  ridiculous,  a  Tirpitz  so  stupendously,  monumentally 
coy,  and  a  cause  for  rejoicing  so  very  slender,  must  tickle  even  a  hy- 
phenated sense  of  humor.  Since  the  Battle  of  Jutland,  of  course, 
the  joke  is  better  still.  But  even  before  that  the  German  Navy  was 
the  one  item  in  the  German  array  which  could  legitimately  be  found 
amusing,  rather  than  painful. 

Did  not  the  Germans,  bottled  up  in  Kiel,  announce  that  they  were 
roving  the  seas  looking  for  the  British  Navy,  which  at  the  same  time, 
they  said,  was  cowering  in  its  East  Coast  harbors?  And  did  not  our 
official  report  of  the  Battle  of  the  Bight  begin  with  that  sublimely  un- 
selfconscious  phrase,  "Starting  from  a  point  near  Heligoland,  a  squad- 
ron of  our  fleet,"  etc.,  etc.?  Look  at  Heligoland  on  the  map,  for  e^■erv 
time  one  looks  at  it  it  is  really  farther  from  England  and  nearer  Ger- 
many than  one  had  remembered;  farther  from  our  East  Coast  havens, 
and  nearer  to  that  corked  bottle  of  German  fizz,  the  Kiel  Canal.  Those 
first  six  words  are  a  naval  \ictory  in  themselves. 

So  we  can  enjoy  with  special  zest  the  idea  of  the  Kaiser,  bold  and 
noble  baron,  violating  the  modesty  of  village-maiden  Tirpie  with  his 
ardent  embraces,  because  she  has  played    Una  so  beautifully  that  even 

the  lion  did  not  know  she  was  there! 

H.  PEARL  ADAM. 


80 


"1 


81 


Submarine  "Bags" 

MOST  of  the  horrors  committed  in  civilized  societies  are  the  work 
of  men  or  women  who  loathe  the  things  they  do,  but  would 
rather  do  the  thing  they  loathe  than  endure  some  other  evil 
that  seems  intolerable.  The  wretched  Crippen  poisons  his  wife,  not  be- 
cause he  hates  her,  or  takes  any  pleasure  in  killing  her,  but  because  her 
continued  existence  makes  the  kind  of  life  he  wishes  to  lead  impossible. 
But  crime — and  particularly  murder — seems  to  have  a  fascination  of  its 
own.  It  is  a  truth  preserved  to  us  in  the  popular  phrase,  "tasting  blood." 
Those  who  come  under  the  spell  grow  into  maniacs,  fiends  in  human  shape, 
who,  having  plotted  their  first  murder  to  gain  some  end  that  seems 
irresistibly  desirable,  find  an  unexpected  and  terrible  excitement  in  it, 
and  go  on  to  the  second  from  an  irresistible  desire  to  taste  that  dreadful 
pleasure  again.  These  men  are  the  legendary  figures  of  horror — Blue- 
beard of  the  nursery,  Jack  the  Ripper  of  history. 

When  Germany  resolved  to  assault  the  civilization  of  the  centuries 
and  conquer  the  western  world  bcfi)re  that  world  grew  too  strong  to  be 
conquered,  having  no  other  motive  than  to  annex  the  territories  and 
steal  the  wealth  of  neighboring  nations  who  had  done  her  no  harm,  she 
embarked  upon  a  course  of  crime  on  so  vast  and  appalling  a  scale  that 
she  was  doomed  to  exemplify  in  her  own  monstrous  person  the  whole 
psychology  of  crime.  It  is  quite  likely  that  the  first  murders  committed 
in  Belgium  were  done  not  fi)r  the  love  of  killing,  but  with  the  excellent  (?) 
military  purpose  of  terrorizing  a  conquered  population,  and  so  lessening 
the  necessity  for  a  garrison  to  keep  them  in  order.  The  first  murders  of 
English  men,  women,  and  children,  perpetrated  at  the  bombardment  of 
Yarmouth,  Scarborough,  and  Whitby,  may  have  been  intended  merely 
as  a  demonstration  that  Germany  could  strike  even  at  an  island  that  was 
impregnable.  The  first  use  of  the  submarine  against  a  merchant  ship  may 
have  been  made  in  the  hope  that  a  mere  demonstration  of  frightfulness 
would  save  her  from  the  necessity  of  repeating  it,  by  frightening  every 
trading  ship  ofi^  the  sea.  But  indulgence  in  blood  brought  upon  our 
enemy  the  cruellest  of  all  punishments.  It  brought  an  insatiable  appe- 
tite, until  the  killing  of  old  men  and  boys,  but  particularly  of  women  and 
small  children,  has  become  a  thing  necessary  to  the  men  that  do  it  and 
to  the  nation  that  sends  them  on  their  mission  of  murder. 

ARTHUR  POLLEN. 


82 


83 


Within  the  Pincers 

RAEiMAEKERS  is  a  citizen  of  a  small  neutral  nation,  and  it  is  a 
great  part  of  his  European  significance  that  he  has  perceived  that 
such  nations  cannot  really  remain  neutral  in  an  ultimate  and 
spiritual  sense  in  a  conflict  like  the  present  one.  Whether  they  shall  remain 
neutral  in  a  purely  political  sense  is  a  matter  for  them  and  for  them 
alone  to  decide;  and  the  Allies  —  in  marked  contrast  to  the  consistent 
policy  of  Prussia — have  made  many  sacrifices  in  this  war  rather  than 
violate  justice  by  attempting  to  interfere  with  their  liberty  of  decision. 

The  fact  remains  that  there  is  no  small,  free  State  in  Europe  which  does 
not  know  that  the  victory  of  Prussia  would  be  the  end  of  its  freedom. 
Were  so  abominable  a  conclusion  to  this  war  still  thinkable,  it  is  certain 
that  the  independent  self-governing  thing  called  Holland  would  exist 
no  more.  Her  fate  would,  indeed,  be  ultimately  worse  than  that  of  the 
martyred  and  ravaged  Belgian  nation;  for  she  \\ouId  not  even  be  able 
to  point  to  a  heroic  legend  of  resistance  such  as  has  always  presaged  the 
resurrection  of  murdered  nationalities.  She  would  simply  be  a  part  of 
the  Prussian  Empire.  No  Dutchman,  with  the  memory  of  the  great 
historic  achievements  of  his  race  before  his  eyes,  desires  her  to  become 
that. 

Indeed,  it  is  the  whole  condemnation  of  Prussia  that  no  human  being 

outside  the  limits  of  her  direct  control  could  possibly  desire  such  a  fate 

for  his  own  people.     Yet  that  is  unquestionably  the  fate  that  \\ould 

have  befallen  every  free  people  in  Europe  had  the  conspiracj^  so  long 

matured  by  Prussia,   and  so   nearly  successful,   accomplished  what  its 

promoters  hoped. 

CECIL  CHESTERTON. 


84 


fr 


,  -_L»|OiXiS  (•Xcirmagk^rs ■ 


f    '  II    -ij-"- '    '  1W~ 


85 


German  Poison 


NOW  'S  our  (.haiicc;  he  's  asleep."  Mr.  Raemaekers  is,  it  must 
be  remembered,  a  Dutchman,  and  a  certain  percentage  of  his 
"picture  sermons"  is  addressed  especially  to  the  "congregation 
of  faithful  Dutch  people"  and  meant  first  and  foremost  to  be  under- 
stood, and  taken  to  heart,  by  them.  This  is  one.  A  German  olllcer, 
whose  spurs  act  as  a  sort  of  cloven  hoof  and  betray  his  real  character,  is 
posing  as  a  Dutch  pastor,  or  Predikant.  He  wears  the  preacher's 
gown  and  the  white  bands  of  his  sacred  odicc,  and  holds  before  his  face 
an  elaborate  and  ingenious  mask,  representing  the  fat  and  foolish  face, 
the  snowy  whiskers  and  innocent  "goggles"  of  a  pastor,  surmounted 
by  his  professional  tall  hat,  which  it  will  be  noticed  is  only  the  front 
half  of  the  "cylinder."  The  contrast  of  the  real  face  behind  the  mask, 
with  its  grin  of  low  cunning,  is  very  clever. 

Armed  with  this  disguise,  he  has  crept  up  to  a  Dutch  fisherman,  a 
Vollendammcr  or  some  one  of  this  sort,  in  his  fur  cap,  and  broad-beamed 
breeches,  peacefully  sleeping  on  the  shores  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  and,  like 
Hamlet's  treacherous  stepfather,  "stealing  upon  his  secure  hour"  pours 
into  his  ear  from  a  phial  the  "lepcrous  distilment"  of  falsehood,  which, 
if  it  is  not  to  take  his  life,  is  to  poison  his  mind  and  whole  being. 

For  the  Dutch,  doubtless,  there  is  some  special  allusion,  and  perhaps 
the  mask  may  suggest  a  portrait.  But  for  all  men  everywhere  the 
meaning  is  patent  enough.  Poison  gas  and  poisoned  wells  arc  not 
the  only  poisoned  weapons  the  German  has  used  against  the  Allies — 
including  our  Dutch  compatriots  in  Southwest  Africa — or  against 
neutrals  the  world  over.  The  moral  air  we  breathe,  the  wells  of  truth 
— he  has  sought  to  poison  these  also,  and  has  not  hesitated  to  enlist  either 
the  Catholic  priest  or  the  Lutheran  pastor  in  his  sinister  service. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


86 


1 


87 


The  Organization  of  Victory 
by  Imposture 

THE  professorial  pedant  who  directs  the  internal  administration 
of  the  Prussian  autocracy  has  created  a  system  which  justly 
rouses  the  admiration  of  all  who  study  the  methods  of  clever- 
ness and  ingenuity.  The  last  ounce  of  food  is  weighed  out,  the  last  egg 
is  counted  and  distributed,  and  the  last  pfennig  is  taken  from  the  safe  of 
the  private  individual  for  the  use  of  the  State  and  replaced  by  the  paper 
of  War  Loans.  It  is  an  astonishing  triumph  of  economy  and  skill,  but 
to  Raemaekers  it  is  ail  imposture.  Such  achievements  of  mere  clever- 
ness mean  nothing  to  him;  he  knows  that  this  is  not  the  truth  of  the 
world,  for  he  cannot  hear  in  it  any  trace  of  the  harmony  and  the  divine 
music  of  the  universe;  and  here  he  points  the  real  fact  that  lies  under 
and  behind  this  whole  pretentious  sham.  The  very  ham  which  lies 
on  the  table  is  merely  wood,  painted  to  look  like  a  ham,  while  the  safe 
is  labelled  in  Dutch  with  the  words:  "All  is  gold  that  glitters  in  here." 
The  wisdom  of  experience  struck  out  the  proverb  "All  is  not  gold 
that  glitters,"  but  the  ofFicial  direction  of  the  German  Empire  will  have 
it  that  everything  that  glitters  in  the  German  bureau  is  gold.  The  fu- 
ture will  reveal  whether  that  proverb  or  the  new  professorial  dictum  is 
correct.     The  Dutch  artist  has  no  doubt  about  it. 

The  official  who  is  now  putting  on  his  coat  is  going  to  button  it  over 
a  great  cushion  of  imposture,  which  will  give  him  the  appearance  of 
good  feeding  and  good  condition  of  body.  He  has  arranged  his  wares 
to  deceive  the  people  and  to  make  them  think  that  they  have  every- 
thing, when  they  have  only  the  barest  minimum.  What  more  should 
they  require?  Everything  that  is  needed  is  at  their  disposal,  whether 
it  be  food  or  wood.  What  more  could  they  want?  The  world  wants 
a  good  deal  more,  but  the  docile  German  is  content — up  to  a  certain  point. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


88 


89 


Wittenberg 


THE  "Black  Hole  of  Calcutta"  and  the  "Well  of  Cawnpore,"  those 
dark  spots  on  the  history  of  India,  stand  out  in  their  blackness 
against  fairly  light  surroundings.  Wittenberg,  as  dark  in  its  way  as 
either,  scarcely  stands  out  in  the  History  of  Brutahty  which  is  the  his- 
tory of  the  German  conduct  of  the  great  war. 

The  terrible  thing  about  Germany  is  the  fact  that  she  seems  to  have 
taken  out  letters  patent  for  vileness;  that  vileness  has  become  her  right 
and  prerogative,  and  that  the  neutral  nations  have  accepted  the  fact  as 
a  natural  one. 

A  very  mean  man,  once  he  gets  a  reputation  for  meanness,  can  commit 
mean  acts  without  raising  much  adverse  comment. 

In  the  same  way  Germany,  by  a  system  of  uniform  brutality,  can 
commit  "Wittenbergs"  without  creating  any  great  excitement  in  the 
minds  of  neutral  onlookers. 

If  England  were  to  starve  her  German  prisoners  and  set  dogs  on  them 
and  thrash  them,  and  force  them  to  labor  after  the  fashion  of  Germany, 
the  howl  of  outraged  neutrals  would  be  heard  through  the  two  Americaj 
and  the  Scandinavias. 

Germany  does  these  things  and  worse,  and  there  is  no  excitement  over 
the  business.     It  is  the  German  method. 

But,  thank  God,  the  future  of  humanity  is  not  in  the  hands  of  the 
neutrals,  and  the  men  whose  part  it  will  be  to  punish  crimes  will  remember 
Wittenberg.     If  not,  Raemaekers  will  remind  them. 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


90 


91 


The  Broken  Alliance 

THE  birth  of  Italy  as  a  national  unity  was  one  of  the  great  events 
of  Europe,  and  nowhere  was  this  struggle  of  a  people  toward 
freedom  and  a  right  to  decide  the  future  destiny  of  Italy  more 
sympathetically  encouraged,  more  warmly  applauded,  than  in 
England.  Then  were  laid  and  firmly  set  the  foundations  of  friendship 
which  were  later  to  bring  Italy  and  England  into  close  and  lasting  alli- 
ance. Italian  freedom  was,  however,  long  hampered  by  the  yoke  of 
forced  subservience  to  the  Central  European  Powers. 

Germany,  more  positive  in  her  policy  than  Great  Britain,  lost  no  time 
in  riveting  on  Italy's  wrists  the  fetters  of  financial,  industrial,  and  com- 
mercial thraldom.  Englishmen,  who  could  have  prevented  this,  did  nothing, 
and  the  new  country,  without  developed  resources,  fell  an  easy  prey  to 
the  barbarous  German  and  the  bullying  Austrian.  In  this  cartoon 
Raemaekers  has  succeeded  in  typifying  the  dominant  feature  of  Aus- 
trian rule.  The  face  of  Austria  is  that  of  the  bullying,  brutal,  and  bestial 
police  official,  who  sought  to  drive  Italy  as  he  has  been  accustomed 
to  drive  the  unfortunate  races  which  a  series  of  cold-bloodcd  and  cal- 
culating international  conferences  and  agreements  have  put  under  his 
heel. 

The  German  type,  the  bland  Hun,  we  are  familiar  with;  the  Austrian 
is  new.  He  stands,  kourbash  in  hand,  baflled  and  snarling  at  the  thought 
of  freedom — for  to  him  freedom  is  anathema.  It  is  true  that 
nothing  was  more  certain  than  that  Italy  would  break  her  manacles. 
Strong  in  the  virile  force  of  a  people  sentient  with  national  pur- 
pose and  every  day  more  truly  finding  themselves,  no  greater  blow 
has  been  struck  at  the  military  despots  of  Berlin  than  the  breaking  free 
of  Italy.  The  war  has  brought  into  being  the  real,  new  Italy — serious 
of  purpose  and  ardent  of  aspiration — who  till  now  has  been  unable  to 
show  herself,  cramped  and  fettered  by  the  medieval  military  chains  of 

Germany  and  Austria. 

ALFRED  STEAD. 


92 


^*^"'~iS 


^m 


_  i_ouW'T*3^"»opk«''"-^- 


93 


The  Shower-Bath 

PRESIDENT  WILSON  lends  himself  to  caricature  and  the  art 
of  the  cartoonist  almost  as  readily  as  does  the  Kaiser  himself.  We 
fancy  that  the  war  will  he  over  ere  the  average  British  mind 
grasps  either  the  magnitude  of  tiie  task  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  or  the  underlying  principles  which  have  actuated  him  throughout. 

It  has  been  the  custom  with  many  people  (and  this  has  been  as  marked 
in  the  United  States  as  in  Great  Britain)  to  condemn  the  President 
for  "kid  glove"  diplomacy,  weakness,  and  indecision.  And  upon  the 
surface  one  is  bound  to  admit  that  there  appear  to  be  grounds  for  both 
criticism  and  disappointment.  One  would  need  to  have  the  archives 
of  the  Foreign  Oflice  at  one's  disposal  to  form  a  just  and  perfectly  in- 
formed judgment  concerning  President  Wilson's  "line  of  least  resist- 
ance." 

Perhaps  an  American  has  put  the  matter  as  succinctly  as  anyone. 
"It  needs  a  really  strong  man,"  he  said,  "to  keep  one's  fingers  out  of  a 
pie  like  the  European  War.  A  free  people  do  not  see  another  free  peo- 
ple, and  a  weak  nation  at  that,  trampled,  murdered,  and  destroyed, 
at  least  for  the  time  being,  by  the  greatest  fighting  machine  in  Europe 
without  wanting  to  cut  in.  But  I  guess  the  best  day's  work  America 
and  Wilson  have  done  for  the  Allies  has  been  to  keep  out  of  it.  Some 
day  you  '11  see  that  we  were  cutting  ice  for  you  all  the  time." 

Time  will  perhaps  make  clear  what  some  of  us  only  suspect. 

Whatever  shortcomings  President  Wilson  may  appear  to  us  to  have 
as  an  active  champion  of  right  and  civilization  against  hideous  wTong 
and  barbarism,  he  is  a  past-master  in  the  art  of  the  diplomatic  shower- 
bath,  as  the  Kaiser  and  his  unscrupulous  minions  in  the  United  States 
have  discovered  more  than  once.  Every  attempt  to  lead  him  into 
hostile  acts  toward  the  Allies,  every  skilful  diplomatic  ruse  which  was 
engendered  with  the  object  of  involving  America  in  hostilities,  has  been 
quietly  but  effectively  countered  by  the  President.  He  appears  to 
have  had  the  chain  of  the  shower-bath  ever  in  his  hand.  And  the  verbal 
"douches"  administered,  though  couched  in  the  unemotional  phrase- 
ology of  diplomacy,  have  always  been  effective.  The  officials  of  the 
Wilhelmstrasse  must  have  abandoned  hope  long  ago.  And,  in  the 
words  of  an  American  friend,  "they  must  turn  up  their  collars  and  get 
out  umbrellas  and  prepare  for  some  rain  when  a  diplomatic  note  arrives 

from  Wilson." 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


94 


;  J  ^  V/  /:^ih 


'  '^  lAoc  .  ,a4  k«  f  <^ 


95 


The  Anniversary  Bouquet 

THERE  remain  yet  a  few  people  who  state  that,  in  beginning  this 
world  war,  Germany  did  not  antieipate  such  slaughter  as  she 
has  had  to  compass;  but  these  are  the  people  who  have  not  studied 
the  apostle  of  war  whom  Raemaekers  portrays  as  presenting  this  bouquet 
of  babies'  heads.  This  cartoon  was  first  published  in  August,  1915, 
and  was  commemorative  of  the  results  of  one  year  of  war.  It  gained 
in  significance  during  the  second  year,  for  to  Belgium  must  be  added 
Serbia,  scene  of  unspeakable  crimes  against  the  civilian  populace,  and 
Armenia,  of  which  the  full  horrors  will  never  be  told,  since  none  of  the 
victims  remain  to  tell  them. 

In  these  later  days,  when  the  whole  world  can  see  that  Germany 
is  fighting  a  losing  fight,  one  might  admire  the  grim  way  in  which  the 
victors  are  made  to  pay  for  every  step  of  the  path  they  have  yet  to  tread; 
if  their  hands  were  clean  one  might  call  magnificent  the  dogged  courage 
of  the  fighting  men  who  resist  our  own.  But  the  list  of  slaughtered 
women  and  children  is  too  long,  the  violation  of  the  laws  of  humanity 
is  too  complete.  This  grinning  barbarian  with  his  bouquet  is  the  Ger- 
man that  the  world  will  remember,  not  those  exceptions  to  his  kind  who, 
by  humanity  in  the  presence  of  wounded  enemies,  have  made  them- 
selves noteworthy — merely  by  their  rarity. 

In  the  last  phase  of  the  war,  that  in  which  approaching  defeat  is  plain- 
ly evident,  the  German  fights  well — and  so  does  a  rat  when  it  is  cor- 
nered. Raemaekers'  symbol  of  the  bouquet  is  not  less  to  be  kept  in 
mind,  nor  would  there  be  any  hope  of  justice  in  the  settlement  if  the 
victors,  in  generosity  to  a  beaten  foe,  should  forget  it. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


96 


[J-Ou I  i  |-\apn trt **-l^PT 5 


97 


The  Stranded  Submarine 

THE  circumstances  of  the  incident  depicted  in  this  cartoon  are  well 
known.  A  British  submarine  was  stranded,  helpless,  on  the  Danish 
coast.  Its  men  were  lined  up — as  men  once  lined  up  on  the  Bir- 
kenhead— and  stood  at  attention  while  German  guns  poured  shell  on 
them  and  their  craft.  Further,  this  happened  in  Danish  territorial  waters, 
where,  by  all  the  laws  of  humanity,  and  by  the  law  of  nations  as  well,  the 
crew  of  the  submarine  were  entitled  to  consider  themselves  immune. 
Had  there  been  any  respect  for  international  law  on  the  part  of  their 
aggressors,  they  would  have  been  immune. 

Now,  if  one  observes  the  faces  of  the  two  German  naval  officers 
in  the  cartoon,  it  is  easy  to  understand  why  such  outrages  as  this  have 
come  about.  Raemackers  knows  his  German,  and,  whether  he  is  por- 
traying officer  or  man,  emperor  or  soldier,  he  takes  care  in  each  case  to 
bring  out  the  fact  that  the  man  represented  belongs  to  a  nation  that 
has  either  lost,  or  has  not  yet  found,  a  soul.  These  two  who  stand  above 
the  guns  arc  two  of  the  world's  materialists,  men  who  understand  only 
that  the  end  must  be  accomplished,  no  matter  what  the  means  may  be. 
From  their  soulless  philosopher  has  arisen  not  only  incidents  like 
these,  but  the  manufacture  of  a  German  God,  such  as  the  speeches  of 
the  Kaiser  describe.  There  has  arisen,  too,  the  denial  of  Western  Chris- 
tianity altogether  in  a  certain  patronage  of  Islam,  designed  to  placate 
Turkish  opinion,  a  patronage  that  is  inconsistent  even  with  the  worship  of 
the  German  God.  It  is  all  means  to  the  one  end,  world  domination.  Ger- 
many has  set  out  to  gain  the  whole  world,  and  has  lost  what  soul  she 
had.  Striving  to  set  herself  above  the  law,  she  has  merely  placed  her- 
self outside  the  law,  and  for  this  her  punishment  is  at  hand. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


98 


99 


Herod's  Nightmare 

CERTAIN  publications  in  neutral  countries,  notably  in  America, 
have  given  room  in  their  pages  during  the  course  of  the  war 
to  little  sketches — obviously  part  of  the  German  system  of  prop- 
aganda— designed  to  show  that  the  Allied  estimate  of  German  barbar- 
ities is  at  the  very  least  a  huge  exaggeration,  and  is  possibly  altogether 
fabricated.  The  term  "undue  sentimentality"  is  frequently  used; 
travelers  in  the  occupied  territories  are  represented  as  seeing  the  in- 
habitants quite  contented  under  German  rule  and  surprised  at  the  men- 
tion of  atrocities.  Their  conquerors  are  quite  good  people,  necessarily 
subjecting  them  to  strict  discipline,  but  in  no  way  unjust.  There  may 
ha\'e  been  atrocities  somewhere,  at  some  time,  but  these  travellers  can- 
not get  any  reliable  accounts  of  them. 

Many  of  the  papers  that  publish  this  sort  of  thing  are  probably  quite 
ignorant  of  its  source;  others,  of  course,  do  so  with  full  knowledge  of 
the  merits  of  the  case  and  of  the  reason  for  its  publication.  Evidence 
collected  on  oath  from  sufferers  is  ignored,  and  so  cleverly  are  these 
little  sketches  done  that  one  is  inclined  to  believe  the  German  is  not  so 
black  as  he  has  been  painted. 

But  not  one  of  these  sketches  ever  ventures  near  the  subject  of  the 
Lusitania,  the  Arainc,  the  Scarborough  bombardment,  or  Louvain — 
or  any  other  of  those  horrors  that  are  established  beyond  question  in  the 
minds  of  men.  And  wherever  these  German  efforts  at  lulling  the  world's 
conscience  by  sophistries  appear,  there  should  this  cartoon  appear  also, 
as  a  corrective.  Throughout  half  the  world  these  murdered  children 
lie  under  earth  and  water,  and  to  forget  them  in  the  day  when  Germany 
fears  to  add  more  to  their  number  would  be  to  share  this  modern  Herod's 

infamy, 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


100 


f 

/ 


i.' 


iLipH  oui*»T5s»emcieUei^^!iii^^ . 


-%':     ■^■~ 


/ 


101 


''My  Beloved  People" 

THE  old  emperor  of  Austria  was  said  to  have  verj'^  vague  ideas  about 
the  present  war.  According  to  one  fairh'  well  authenticated  story, 
he  sometimes  fancied  himself  in  1866,  and  hoped  that  his  troops 
were  killing  a  great  many  of  those  infernal  Prussians.  But  Ferdinand  of 
Bulgaria  is  no  imbecile.  He  is  not  a  very  able  man,  though  certain 
journaHsts  have  extolled  his  talents;  he  is  merely  cunning  and  ambi- 
tious. His  subjects  do  not  love  him.  He  is  very  extravagant,  and 
preferred,  even  before  the  war,  to  spend  some  eight  months  of  the  year 
in  other  countries,  where  the  opportunities  for  amusement  are  greater 
than  at  Sofia.  He  is  also  a  great  stickler  for  etiquette,  which  his  subjects 
despise,  and  his  court  is  a  queer  mixture  of  complicated  ceremony  and 
bohemian  license. 

The  Bulgarians  have  always  disliked  him,  and  his  policy  in  involving 
them  in  a  war  with  Russia  is  not  likely  to  stimulate  their  loyalty.  We 
cannot  wonder  that  he  feels  safer  in  a  neutral  country,  such  as  Switzer- 
land. Bulgaria  is  a  classic  land  of  political  assassination;  ever}^  year 
several  unpopular  politicians  are  "removed,"  and  no  one  thinks  much 
about  it.  Ferdinand's  chances  of  dying  in  his  bed  are  not  favorable, 
unless  he  decides  to  say  good-bye  to  his  "beloved  people."  In  that 
case,  he  may  find  distraction  at  Monte  Carlo,  which  knows  him  well; 
and  the  sturdy  peasants  of  Bulgaria,   who  have  many  good  qualities, 

will  be  well  rid  of  a  knave. 

^\^  R.   INGE,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's   Cathedral. 


102 


103 


On  Their  Way  to  Verdun 

SOME  time  ago  Louis  Racmackers  drew  a  cartoon  entitled  "On  Their 
Way  to  Calais,"  represent in<i;  German  corpses  floating  toward  the 
sea.  It  will  be  remembered  that  tiie  Belgians  let  water  into 
their  dykes  and  so  Hooded  great  tracts  of  the  northern  country.  The 
inundation  was  one  of  the  obstacles — added  to  the  determination  of  the 
Allies — which  balked  the  second  great  ambition  of  the  Kaiser.  11 
he  failed  in  winning  Paris,  he  thought  that  at  least  he  might  win  Calais. 
The  present  picture  portrays  another  of  the  German  failures.  The 
road  to  Verdun  is  blocked  not  only  by  the  gallant  resistance  of  the  French, 
but  b>'  the  heaps  of  German  slain,  amounting,  we  are  told,  to  at  least 
five  hundred  thousand  men.  In  six  months  the  enemy  gained  only 
a  mile  or  so  of  country,  and  though  the  furious  attacks  continue,  there 
is  no  reason  for  thinking  they  will  be  more  successful  than  those  which 
have  broken  down  in  the  past. 

Why  the  Germans  elected  to  make  their  desperate  assault  on  Verdun 
is  another  matter.  Probably  many  motives  entered  into  the  decision. 
The  German  higher  stalf  clearly  underrated  the  fighting  value  of  the 
French.  After  the  much-advertised  determination  to  smash  the 
Russians  on  the  Eastern  frontier,  and  perhaps  to  press  forward  and  cap- 
ture Petrograd,  it  seemed  necessary  to  gain  some  triumph  in  order  to 
satisfy  the  wishes  of  Berlin  and  impress  the  Allies  with  the  invincible 
character  of  the  Teuton  hosts.  Supposing  the  enemy  succeeded  in 
taking  Verdun,  it  would  at  all  events  be  a  spectacular  victory,  even 
though  the  military  advantages  might  not  be  great.  If  the  attack 
failed,  at  all  events  it  might  succeed  in  one  of  its  objects — to  destroy 
the  French  morale.  Therefore  the  Crown  Prince,  whose  susceptibilities 
were  also  to  be  considered,  was  set  to  work  to  destroy  the  French  salient, 
and  he  has  sacrificed  division  after  division  to  accomplish  his  purpose. 
The  Crown  Prince  has  not  obtained  much  distinction  in  the  present 
war,  and  if  the  object  was  to  crown  him  with  laurels  of  victory,  the 
result  has  been  disastrous.  To  lose  as  many  as  five  hundred  thousand 
men,  when  the  question  of  man-power  is  becoming  serious  for  the  Central 
Empires,  is  a  reckless  policy  which  could  only  be  justified,  if  justified  at 
all,  by  a  colossal  success.  As  we  know,  in  six  months'  fighting  the  po- 
sitions remained  very  much  the  same — attack  and  counter-attack,  loss 
and  gain,  masses  of  Germans  driven  up  to  slaughter  and  the  French 
still  holding  the  much-coveted  positions.  Both  east  and  west  of  the 
Meuse  the  story  has  been  the  same. 

Mr.  Racmackers'  picture  remains  as  true  to  the  facts  as  ever  it  was. 
"On  Their  Way  to  Verdun"  is  a  history  of  enormous  massacre  and 
little  triumph  for  the  Germans,  to  whom  Verdun  appeared  originally 
an  easy  prey. 

W.  L.  COURTNEY. 


104 


105 


Bethmann-Hollweg's  Peace  Song 

ONE  felt  interested  in  the  "Campaign  for  Honorable  Peace,"  until  it 
was  learned  that  the  propagandists  designed  to  proceed  on  Herr  Beth- 
mann-HoIIweg's  formula.  But  the  map  to  which  the  German  Chancellor 
referred  has  ah-eady  altered  since  he  offered  it  as  a  basis  for  negotiation, 
and  JDcfore  the  German  speakers  have  stumped  the  Fatherhmd  it  may  happen  that 
still  deeper  modifications  will  appear  on  the  existent  hnes.  The  "honorable  peace" 
at  present  in  tlie  minds  of  Prince  W'edcl  and  his  committee  bears  a  suspicious 
resemblance  to  a  very  respectable  victory  for  Germany,  and  it  is  only  the 
continued,  carefully  fostered  ignorance  of  that  country  that  can  make  the  forth- 
coming campaign  less  ridiculous  to  the  German  man-in-the-street  than  it  appears 
to  ourselves.  The  Kaiser's  sham  door  is  still  stuffed  with  high  explosives,  and 
Herr  Bethmann-HoIIweg's  tears  will  help  to  water  no  olive  branch. 

Consider  the  only  possible  conditions  of  peace  that  do  not  involve  a  treason- 
able attitude  of  mind  in  England  and  the  Allies,  and  then  observe  Germany's 
attitude  to  those  conditions. 

We  may  reduce  the  vital  points  to  three,  with  M.  Gustave  Herve;  and  in 
taking  his  terms,  be  it  remembered  that  we  speak  with  the  lips  of  a  great  man 
and  a  great  pacifist. 

He  recognizes  the  awful  need  to  destroy  the  domination  of  the  Central  Powers 
and  crush  German  militarism  for  the  sake  of  his  own  ideals;  and,  that  done, 
dreams  of  the  only  possible  peace  and  sees  it  based  on  a  triple  foundation.  The 
first  and  obvious  need  is  that  which  the  Union  of  Democratic  Control  and  those 
who  think  in  its  terms  seem  unable  to  perceive  as  the  most  vital:  a  defeated 
Germany.  Germany  is  the  obstacle  that  militates  against  any  sort  of  future 
safety  for  great  or  small  States.  It  follows,  therefore,  that  until  we  can  impose 
our  peace  ideal  upon  her,  no  Allied  peace  worthy  the  name  is  possible;  and  since 
our  terms  must  be  profoundly  distasteful  to  Germany  and  her  first  accomplice, 
it  is  vain  to  present  them  until  her  power  to  decline  them  has  been  destroyed. 

Only  from  a  vanquished  Germany  may  the  remaining  vital  conditions  of  peace 
follow.  With  her  defeat  she  must  be  called  upon  to  scrap  the  fatal  poisons  that 
led  to  her  insanity,  and  take  her  daily  food  no  more  from  the  hands  of  war  lords, 
hireling  professors,  and  publicists.  She  must  be  cleansed,  freed  of  her  seven 
devils,  and  taught  that  the  only  sovereign  power  human  progress  can  henceforth 
recognize  is  the  sovereignty  of  a  people's  will.  For  the  fighting  kingdoms  know 
now  at  this  bitter  cost  one  eternal  truth:  that  not  nations,  but  their  rulers  will 
wars  and  make  them. 

If  ideals  of  internationalism  falter  before  this  condition,  and  M.  Herve's  peace 
will  increase  the  enthusiasm  of  nationality,  his  far-reaching  view  sees  greater 
hopes  beyond.  For  his  third  stipulation  allows  no  subject  peoples.  He  would 
have  Europe  found  a  practical  and  living  system  of  justice  upon  these  ruins — a 
system  sprung  of  honor  and  honesty,  and  based  on  international  physical  strength. 

From  such  a  system  federation  must  sooner  or  later  spring,  and  the  peace 
ideals  of  nationalist  and  internationalist  alike  grow   from   dreams    into  realities. 

The  victory  that  can  win  such  terms  will  in  truth  be  "a  victory  of  industry, 
commerce,  the  arts,  and  humanity." 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


106 


r 


;7 1.  -'/  w 


|<jui<;    I  ■>^t=oiap|<;er5' 


107 


A  German  "Victory" 

ALTHOUGH  this  manifestation  of  the  German  spirit  is  new,  and 
belongs  to  this  war  only,  yet  the  spirit  itself  is  as  old  as  Prussian 
power.  That  spirit  was  evident  in  1813,  in  the  Napoleonic  wars; 
it  was  evident  in  the  campaign  of  Sadowa,  and  again  in  the  Franco- 
German  war  of  1870,  when  the  murder  of  women  and  children  was  proved 
to  be  the  Prussian  form  of  retaliation  for  jjcrfcctly  legitimate  acts  of  war. 
This  cartoon,  which  first  appeared  after  one  of  the  earher  Zeppelin  raids 
on  England,  gives  another  result  of  the  Prussian  belief  in  terrorism  as 
an  aid  to  war;  the  result  is  new,  but  the  poHcy  behind  it  is  old. 

Because  that  policy  is  old,  and  is  a  deep-rooted  principle  of  Prussianism, 
any  talk  of  "peace  terms"  is  futile,  and  the  "honorable  peace"  of  which 
German  deputies  talk  in  their  gatherings  is  an  impossibility.  There 
can  be  no  terms  for  the  nation  that  does  these  things,  no  bargaining 
with  it,  and  the  world  that  has  wakened  to  the  real  nature  of  the  thing 
which  has  attacked  civilization  will  take  care  that  the  thing  itself 
has  no  power  to  impose  "terms"  in  the  day  when  peace  returns. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  Germany  alone  among  the  nations  has  built 

Zeppelins,  and  worthy  of  note,  too,  that  these  machines  have  served 

no  useful  military  purpose  in  the  decisive  actions  of  the  war.     Along  the 

battle  fronts  they  do  not  appear,  for  they  are  too  fragile  to  be  risked 

in  purely   military   work.     In   the  great   naval   battle   of  Jutland   they 

served  no  useful  purpose,  and  the  war  has  proved  them  instruments  of 

murder,  safe  only   in  darkness  and  undefended  areas.     And   in  saying 

that  Germany  alone  has  built  them   in   fleets,  one  says  that  Germany 

alone  has  pinned   faith  to  terrorism  and  a  policy  of  murder,  which   is 

steadily  winning  its  just  reward. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


108 


109 


"Waiting 


99 


IMPERIAL  utterances  are,  or  were  till  lately,  treated  with  great 
respect  in  Germany.  What  the  "all-highcst"  says  must  surely  be 
true.  But  a  modern  oracle,  if  he  wishes  to  keep  his  credit,  should  avoid 
prediction.  He  may  falsify  the  past  and  misread  the  present  with 
impunity;  but  he  will  be  wise  to  leave  the  future  alone.  The  Kaiser 
has  been  imprudent.  He  began  by  telling  his  troops  to  walk  over  the 
"contemptible  little  British  army,"  the  finest  and  most  experienced 
professional  soldiers  in  the  world;  next  he  informed  them  that  they 
would  all  be  at  home  again  "at  the  fall  of  the  leaf,"  in  1914;  then  he 
hazarded  the  statement  that  Russia  was  done  for,  and  the  Allies 
generally  at  the  end  of  their  resources;  and  lastly  the  carefully  pre- 
pared thrust,  which,  he  declared,  was  to  give  France  the  coup  de  grace, 
has  missed  its  aim. 

It  is  impolite  to  treat  an  emperor  in  this  way;  he  is  not  used  to  it 
and  docs  not  like  it.  It  is  the  business  of  his  sui^jects  to  see  that  his 
reign  is  a  blaze  of  triumph.  A  breakdown  after  so  many  j^ears  of  re- 
hearsals! It  is  really  too  bad;  there  must  have  been  gross  mismanage- 
ment somewhere. 

W.  R.   INGE,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 


no 


Ill 


The  Kaiser  as  a  Diplomatist 

TO  many  people,  and  especially  to  all  Germans,  the  attitude  of 
the  South  African  Boers  in  the  Great  War  has  been  one  of  its 
most  surprisin<i  features.  It  was  not  a  surprise  to  Raemaekers, 
and  here,  in  this  cartoon,  he  states  his  reason,  as  the  plain  homely  figure 
of  the  old  President  Kruger  expresses  it  to  General  Christian  de  Wet, 
who  took  the  wrong  side.  Kruger  does  not  forget  how  the  Kaiser  led 
him  on  by  telegrams  and  secret  messages  of  sympathy,  and  after  all, 
when  the  war  broke  out  in  South  Africa,  this  same  Kaiser  made  no  at- 
tempt to  implement  his  promises.  Some  time  later  all  the  world  learned 
the  facts  from  the  Kaiser's  own  lips,  when  he  boasted  of  ha\ing  been 
the  friend  of  the  British  and  of  having  helped  them  during  the  South 
African  War,  by  communicating  to  General  Roberts  a  strategic  plan 
for  crushing  the  Dutch.  There  is  certainly  no  reason  to  suppose  that 
Roberts  or  Kitchener  made  SiV\y  use  of  the  Kaiser's  plan,  because  they 
won  the  victory.  If  they  had  used  the  plan,  the  result  would  have  been 
different. 

In  this  cartoon  the  Kaiser  is  the  ingenious  diplomatist  once  more. 
Though  he  deceived  the  Dutch  formerly,  he  is  now  trying  to  induce 
them  to  join  him  against  Britain;  and  he  did  succeed  in  perverting  the 
judgment  of  dc  Wet.  But  the  solid,  homely  sense  of  the  Dutch  came 
to  the  right  conclusion.  The  man  who  has  once  deliberately  deceived 
a  people  is  not  likely  to  succeed  in  deceiving  them  a  second  time. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  RAMSAY. 


112 


oui^  r\£i£"'><;if'- 


113 


Hun  Hypocrisy 


WHEN  the  history  of  this  war  is  written  with  a  sense  of 
detachment  which  only  time  can  give — written,  moreover, 
by  an  impartial  neutral,  with  the  insight  and  intelligence  of 
a  iMotley  or  a  Hume — it  will  be  interesting  and  instructive  to  read 
the  chapters  which  deal  with  the  conviction  obsessing  an  entire  nation 
that  England  for  some  mysterious  purposes  of  her  own  brought  about 
hostilities,  and  that  Germany,  very  reluctantly,  was  forced  to  draw 
the  sword  in  defense  of  the  fatherland.  No  reasonable  man  can  doubt 
that  this  conviction  is  sincere  upon  the  part  of  a  large  majority  of  our 
enemies.  From  first-hand  evidence  it  is  ecjually  indisputable  that  the 
few,  the  Court  Party,  for  example,  and  certain  writers,  have  frankly 
admitted  the  Teuton  aims  and  ambitions,  crystallized  into  the  famous 
phrase — "W'eltmacht  oder  Niedergang."  The  amazing  thing — perhaps 
the  most  amazing  fact  of  the  war — is  the  moral  Atlantic  which  heaves 
between  the  few  w  ho  know  and  the  many  who  do  not.  And  the  bridging 
of  this  illimitable  ocean,  the  future  enlightenment  of  at  least  sixty  mil- 
lion persons,  must  be,  for  the  moment,  the  problem  which  is  perplexing 
and  tormenting  the  minds  of  the  Great  General  Stall. 

Sooner  or  later — sooner,  possibly,  than  we  think — the  truth  must  out. 
What  will  happen  then?  Conjecture  is  simply  paralyzed  at  the  issues 
involved.  Briefly,  it  comes  to  this:  these  sixty  millions  have  been  hum- 
bugged to  an  extent  unparalleled  in  history.  During  three  years  they 
have  been  gorged  with  lies,  swallowed  always  with  avidity  and  with 
increasing  appetite.  The  credulity  of  the  ignorant  may  be  taken  for 
granted;  in  this  case  it  is  the  credulity  of  the  wise,  the  so-called  intel- 
lectuals of  Germany,  which  clamors  to  Heaven  for  explanation.  Are 
these  schoolmasters,  publicists,  theologians,  and  scientists  hypocrites? 
That  is  the  question  which  our  cartoonist  puts  to  us  here.  That  is  the 
question  which  the  impartial  historian  will  be  called  upon  to  answer. 

Englishmen,  with  the  rarest  exceptions,  have  answered  that  question 
already.  \\e  believe  firmly  that  the  informed  Huns  deliberatel}-  be- 
fooled their  uninformed  fellow-countrymen.  The  few  were  honest  and 
sincere  in  the  Jesuitical  faith  that  the  end,  world  dominion,  justified 
the  means.  They  scrapped  ruthlessly  all  principles  which  stood  between 
themselves  and  an  insensate  ambition.  Had  they  won  through  to  Paris 
and  London,  a  nation  drunk  with  victory  would  have  acclaimed  their 
policy.     But  they  have  not  won  through,  and  the  reckoning  has  to  be  met. 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


114 


r^- 


I-  ouii>  t^QC'^ae^Cf  rj^,, 


11.") 


The  Prussian  Guard 

THE  German  army  has  fought  in  this  war  with  the  Allies  in  front 
of  it  and  behind  it  the  German  press. 
Never  has  a  war  been  accompanied  by  such  ink-shed  and  such 
wholesale  massacre  of  truth.  The  Allies  have  done  their  bit  in  this  direc- 
tion, but  their  bit  has  been  as  a  mole-hill  to  Everest  compared  with  the 
work  of  the  Central  Powers. 

The  fighting  men  resent  it.  They  don't  like  to  be  told  that  their  foe 
is  a  fool,  even  if  they  are  getting  the  better  of  him.  When  they  are  get- 
ting the  worse  the  statement  is  a  more  pecuharly  exasperating  insult. 

They  don't  like  to  be  told  that  their  victories  are  defeats,  but  they 
like  even  less  to  be  told  that  their  defeats  are  victories.  In  the  one  case 
they  feel  that  the  press  men  are  fools,  in  the  other  they  feel  that  the 
press  men  have  made  fools  of  them. 

There  is  a  whole  lot  of  common  sense  in  human  nature,  even  in  German 
human  nature,  and  an  army  hit  in  its  common  sense  receives  a  blow. 

This  is  why,  perhaps,  Hindenburg  has  been  issuing  reports  lately  ap- 
proaching the  truth. 

There  is  a  lot  of  common  sense  in  the  old  Marshal. 

H.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


IIG 


J  Qui  %  j-^e.T<cif-kr.-i.  — 


117 


Greek  Treachery 

RAEMAEKERS  is  a  keen  prophetic  politician  as  well  as  satirist, 
and  not  seldom  his  pencil  has  pointed  to  future  events  as  yet 
unanticipated  by  our  "sullicicnt  lor  the  day"  diplomacy. 

One  would  have  thought,  however,  that  the  tergiversation  of  the 
King  of  Greece  had  made  it  sufficiently  clear  no  good  thing  could  come 
out  of  his  country  while  he  continued  to  rule  it. 

Yet  justice  must  be  done  to  him.  To  Serbia,  indeed,  he  proved  false, 
borrowing  the  "scrap  of  paper"  doctrine  from  his  masters;  but  to  the 
Allies  he  has  preserved  an  unchanging  front,  and  the  logical  action  of 
those  Powers  who  adirmed  his  throne  should  long  ago  have  been  to  re- 
move him  from  it,  when  he  proceeded  to  abuse  the  constitution  and  deprive 
Vcnizelos  of  the  power  the  nation  had  put  into  that  minister's  hands. 
Hesitancy  and  delay  have  divided  a  Greece  that  was  united  when  Vcni- 
zelos fell,  and  the  sleepless  activity  of  Germany  bears  the  present  fruits — 
so  poisonous  for  us.  It  passes  the  wit  of  the  man-in-the-street  to  under- 
stand what  secret  iniluence  permitted  the  deadlock;  but  it  seems  hard 
to  believe  that  dilliculties  connected  with  Greece's  future  have  not  arisen 
in  the  councils  of  the  Allies.  Soon  the  hand  that  is  willing  to  wound, 
but  afraid  to  strike,  may  be  powerless  to  do  so,  for  the  situation  de\'elops 
very  swiftly  and  the  attitude  of  the  French  Admiral  du  Fournet  has 
left  no  doubt  of  the  Allied  determination. 

As  we  write,  after  needless  bloodshed,  Greece  gives  way,  the  fighting 
is  at  an  end  and  her  batteries  of  mountain  guns  are  about  to  be  surren- 
dered. We  are  told,  also,  that  the  refusal  of  the  Government  was  not 
inspired  by  the  King,  but  by  the  military,  who  have  formed  a  secret 
league  with  the  reservists. 

The  exasperating  problem  of  Greece  has  delayed  progress  very  seri- 
ously and,  indeed,  may  be  seen  to  have  modilied  the  whole  course  of  the 
war  in  the  Balkans;  for  had  we  enjoyed  her  coniidence  and  insisted  on 
the  recognition  of  Vcnizelos  from  the  first,  the  country  must  long  since 
have  become  an  ally.  With  her  aid,  instead  of  the  withdrawal  from 
Gallipoli,  there  might  have  been  recorded  a  triumphant  campaign  with 
radical  results. 

But  to  cry  over  spilt  milk  is  no  business  of  the  present.  Concerning 
the  modern  Greek  it  may  be  written  that  "unstable  as  water,  he  shall 
not  excel";  but  we  can  yet  hope  that  with  our  adequate  recognition 
and  support  of  the  only  Greek  who  counts,  his  power  will  triumph  and 
his  great  spirit  fortify  a  feeble  people.  His  marvellous  patience  has  been 
worthy  of  our  utmost  admiration,  and  those  who  would  withhold  abso- 
lute support  from  him  at  this  critical  juncture  are  certainly  not  the 
friends  of  Greece.  That  a  country  of  such  majestic  tradition — a  nation 
that  has  played  her  paramount  part  in  the  philosophy  and  art  of  the 
world — should  be  extinguished  in  this  conflagration  would  not  be  the 
least  of  the  tragedies  our  eyes  may  yet  see;  but  the  danger  still  exists, 
unless  a  sterner  and  more  comprehensive  attitude  be  taken  to  save  Greece 
from  herself  and  the  ruler  who  is  still  permitted  to  occupv  her  throne. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


118 


r 


_I__'Ol;is  T^j>*A\«ic-k^rj  _ 


119 


The  World's  Judgment  Seat 


THE  former  German  Chancellor  was  well  known  to  be  neither  a  Pan- 
German  nor  a  lover  of  war.  He  did  his  best  to  propitiate  the  war 
party  by  the  truculcnce  of  his  harangues  against  England;  but 
Reventlow  and  his  friends  were  notoriously  dissatisfied  with  him.  He 
probably  belongs  to  a  large  elass  of  moderate-minded  Germans  who 
were  brought  over  to  the  war  party  by  appeals  to  their  fears.  The 
militarists  dinned  into  their  ears  the  ominous  facts  that  Russia  was 
reorganizing  and  increasing  her  army,  and  planning  strategic  railways; 
that  France  was  doing  the  same;  that  everything  pointed  to  a  concerted 
attack  upon  Germany,  say  in  1917.  "It  is  absolutely  necessary,"  they 
said,  "to  strike  now,  before  our  enemies  are  ready." 

This  large  class  probably  included  the  emperor,  and  without  its  con- 
currence the  war  could  hardly  have  been  launched.  It  is  natural  for 
such  men  to  protest  that  they  had  no  aggressive  designs,  and  that  they 
only  wished  to  protect  themselves  against  attack.  It  may  be  true,  as 
far  as  they  are  concerned;  but  it  is  not  true  of  the  soldiers  who  fright- 
ened them  for  their  own  ends.  Behind  the  Chancellor,  in  this  picture, 
hides  a  ruffian  in  uniform. 

It  is  also  true  that  Germany  has  conducted  the  war  in  such  a  manner 
that  that  nation  is  really  fighting  with  a  rope  round  its  neck.  The 
moderate  party  would  now  welcome  peace.  But  on  \\hat  terms?  These 
have  been  divulged;  but  the  Allies  do  not  seem  to  have  thought  them 
worth  serious  consideration.  As  long  as  the  military  caste  is  the  direc- 
tor of  German  policy  it  does  not  seem  likely  that  any  statesmanlike  pro- 
posal will  come  from  Berlin.  Meanwhile,  Justice  holds  the  scales  and 
waits  in  vain  for  some  offer  to  make  reparation  for  outrages  unparalleled 

in  civilized  warfare. 

W.  R.  INGE. 


120 


i- loui*  '~S."e\-"ark<rrs-    


121 


The  Kaiser's  Cry  for  Peace 

A  DROWNING  man  catches  at  straws.  The  Kaiser,  when  the 
rising  waters  threaten  to  ovcrwhchn  his  bark,  looks  for  salvation 
to  the  dove. 

At  fairly  regular  intervals  through  the  length  of  the  war  the  German 
Chancellor,  speaking  in  his  master's  name,  has  announced  to  an  un- 
sympathetic world — to  the  western  as  well  as  to  the  eastern  hemisphere 
— that  Germany  is  ready,  nay  is  longing,  for  peace — for  peace  on  her 
own  terms.  None  can  doubt  the  sincerity  of  the  declaration.  Her 
powerful  preparations  have  yielded  her,  in  the  field  and  on  the  sea,  suc- 
cesses of  a  kind,  but  they  are  successes  which  decide  nothing.  Her  re- 
iterated pleas  for  peace  acknowledge  that  only  the  vohmtary  withdrawal 
of  her  foes  from  the  fray  can  assure  her  a  final  triumph.  The  Kaiser  and 
his  friends  profess  from  time  to  time  that  they  are  weary  of  war's  brutali- 
ties and  are  eager  to  enjoy  its  spoils  unmolested.  The  fatuous  cry  rings 
very  hollow  in  the  ears  of  the  Allies  and  neutral  peoples  alike,  and  humanity 
outside  Germany  and  her  impotent  kinsfolk  in  America  marvel  at  the 
Kaiser's  and  his  Chancellor's  waste  of  breath. 

Mr.  Raemaekers'  cartoon  supplies  the  key  to  the  situation.  The  tide, 
despite  all  local  and  temporary  appearances  to  the  contrary,  is  running 
against  the  Kaiser.  His  men  and  money  are  dwindling.  Foolhardy 
exploits,  which  speciously  look  like  victories,  are  straining  his  resources 
to  the  breaking  point.  The  waves  are  buffeting  him,  and  unless  the  dove, 
which  he  releases  from  his  hand,  brings  back  to  him  tidings  of  a  falling 
flood — tidings  beyond  all  rational  hope,  his  doom  is  sure. 

SIDNEY  LEE. 


122 


1     / 

JA{ 

■^  ^          v' 

.^-     ^      -^ 

-^^■'^■■M 

r 

,       ^ 

--,    ^^'^     • 

'    I  ■    oui«  l'No«»rnO(f-<^rT  .  _ 


123 


Tit  for  Tat 


THIS  cartoon  illustrates  what  is,  perhaps,  the  fundamental  principle 
which  governs  Kultur.  The  "Will  to  Conquer"  has  become  such 
an  obsession  that  it  defies  not  only  law,  but  also  those  instinctive 
and  primitive  compromises  upon  which  law  establishes  itself.  The 
Huns  ays:  "I  hold  you  to  your  obligations;  I  scrap  mine."  A  Hun  can 
sell  munitions  to  belligerents.  During  the  Boer  War  they  supplied  England 
with  anything  she  wanted.  But  it  is  monstrous,  according  to  the  Hun 
code,  that  Uncle  Sam  should  munition  the  Allies.  The  Huns  starved  the 
women  and  children  of  France.  But  it  is  abominable  that  Hun  women 
and  children  should  be  starved  by  England.  One  could  cite  a  score  of 
such  instances.  Raemaekers  remembers  the  treatment  accorded  by  the 
"All  Highest"  to  Oom  Paul.  So  does  everybody — except,  apparently,  the 
"All  Highest"  himself.  He  and  his  expected  the  cordial  cooperation  of 
the  South  Africans  whom  they  had  flouted  and  abandoned. 

To  what  can  we  attribute  this  singular  expectation? 

The  answer  ma\'  be  found  by  the  psychologist  who  has  imagination 
enough  to  Prussianize  himself,  and  to  look,  panoramically,  at  the  world 
from  the  Prussian  viewpoint.  Prussia  still  believes  in  Weltmacbt.  A 
Prussian  is  self-constituted  a  superman.  So  convinced  is  he  of  world 
victory  that  he  is  amazed  and  exasperated  with  those — be  they  weak  or 
powerful — who  dare  to  question  his  future  supremacy.  That  supremacy, 
as  he  admits  candidly,  must  be  established  by  force.  He  proposes  to 
rule  by  fear.  He  is  confounded  when  he  discovers  that  there  are  men 
and  women  who  do  not  fear  him.  In  this  cartoon  Krugcr  puts  a  question 
which  it  may  be  instructive  to  attempt  to  answer. 

Kruger:  "You  want  my  people  to  help  you  now,  and  yet  when  I 
came  to  ask  you  for  help  you  chased  me  from  your  door  like  a  dog." 

Kaiser:  "Quite  true.  I  had  forgotten  your  little  affair,  which  was 
essentially  negligible  then  as  now.  Had  I  helped  you,  I  might  have 
embroiled  myself  with  a  Great  Power  with  whom  I  was  not  ready  to 
fight.  To-day,  I  am  ready.  Behold  in  me,  my  friend,  a  World-Con- 
queror! I  give  you  my  All-Highest  word  that  I  shall  win.  What  pains 
and  perplexes  me  is  that  you  don't  back  a  certain  winner.  Hoch  dem 
Kaiser!" 

That,  in  fine,  is  the  Prussian  point  of  view.  Woe  to  those  who  do  not 
realize  that  it  "pays"  to  bow  down  before  the  juggernaut  of  might! 

But  there  must  be  moments,  ever-recurring  moments,  when  the  "All- 
Highest"  mutters  to  his  august  self:  "What  will  become  of  ME  if  I 
don't  win?" 

And  at  such  moments  he  may  recall  the  vast  and  pathetic  figure  of 
Oom  Paul,  whom  he  chased  from  his  door  like  a  dog. 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


124 


■    I     I        «■!.  I 


0(ir^ 


/ 


.# 


/ 


>r^wV 


w 


.'I. 


1 


_^ 


oprrvo  : 


125 


Forced  Labor  in  Germany 

ENGLAND  has  always  had  the  credit  for  hypocrisy.  The  historic 
commonplace,  not  wholly  undeserved,  was  this,  that  with  the 
advantages  of  Puritanism,  we  developed  its  odious  features  and, 
from  the  Commonwealth,  began  to  thank  God  we  were  not  as  other 
men.  The  spirit  then  created  proved  anathema  to  the  Latin  nations, 
and  their  accusation,  founded  on  truth,  stuck  to  us. 

But  civilization  may  cede  the  distinction  to  Germany  henceforth,  for 
never  until  now  has  self-interest  been  practised  and  enforced  under  the 
name  of  God  as  by  the  fatherland.  Their  archaic  deity  is  invoked 
daily,  from  the  Kaiser  to  the  last  poor  boy,  whose  bloodstained  pocket- 
book  is  found  upon  his  corpse,  with  penciled  prayer  that  the  cup  may 
be  taken  from  him. 

Few  things  have  more  illuminated  the  spirit  that  actuates  Germany's 
higher  command  than  the  answer  to  America's  Note  on  the  subject  of 
the  Belgian  and  French  deportations. 

America,  as  might  have  been  expected,  was  peculiarly  sensitive  before 
a  return  to  the  principle  of  slavery.  None  has  known  and  felt  the  mean- 
ing of  that  awful  word;  none  has  fought  to  expunge  the  fact  from  civiliza- 
tion as  she  did.  But  her  Note  met  the  fate  of  all  her  Notes.  She  was 
told  that  Germany,  and  not  America,  is  Belgium's  true  friend  and 
that  an  all-wise  and  prevenient  Government  has  torn  out  the  remain- 
ing adult  population  of  conquered  territory  into  the  bosom  of  the  father- 
land— for  its  own  sake.  Such  transparent  insults  to  the  intelligence 
of  a  great  nation  were  flung  at  America  for  two  years;  but  one  must 
rejoice  that  the  day  of  reckoning  has  come. 

Meantime  the  raided  Belgians,  of  whom  a  hundred  thousand  have  been 
swept  into  Germany,  are  working  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  for  their 
conquerors,  and  this  drawing  is  no  cartoon,  but  a  simple  transcript  of 
truth  repeated  in  a  thousand  of  the  enemy's  munition  factories  to-day. 
The  German  lathe-worker  joins  the  army,  and  his  place  is  taken  by  the 
father  of  those  he  goes  to  slay. 

And  neutral  nations  still  listen  patiently,  while  this  people  proclaims 

itself  the  "Chosen  of  the  High  God." 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


126 


127 


The  Fall  of  the  Child -Slayer 

THIS  is  an  artist's  fanciful  version  of  the  headlong  fall  of  one  of 
those  inflated  monsters  on  which  the  enemy  had  set  such  high 
hopes.  Well,  we  have  been  inconvenienced  not  a  little  by  them  in 
our  goings  and  comings  by  night,  and  no  one  need  pretend  that  he  likes 
bombs  being  dropped  on  his  or  his  children's  heads  out  of  a  midnight 
sky.  But  in  the  old  glorious  volunteering  days  we  never  had  such  a 
recruiting  sergeant,  so  that  the  military  value  of  the  Zeppelin  need  not 
be  denied. 

Apart  from  this  manifest  effect,  there  has  transpired  in  this  whole 
business  little  to  disturb  the  verdict  of  our  optimists  that  there  was 
nothing  to  worry  about.  They  venture  only  under  cover  of  a  darkness 
which  prevents  them  hitting  what  they  dimly  see  from  their  once  safe 
heights,  which  is  little,  or  seeing  what  they  hit,  which  is  much — England 
being  a  biggish  mark. 

And  advertising  their  presence  as  burglars  who  knock  o\-cr  coal- 
scuttles, a  boy  in  an  aeroplane  flies  over  them  and  their  miles  of  alu- 
minium and  acres  of  silk  make  a  Brock's  benefit  for  an  awakened  city 
to  cheer.  We  should  cheer  less,  thinking  with  some  pity  of  the  im- 
prisoned crews,  if  the  affair  were  conceived  with  less  reckless  vagueness, 
without  such  disproportion  between  aim  and  result.  A  blind  ape  with 
a  ton  of  high  explosives  could  do  a  good  deal  of  damage  in  a  city  w  ith 
ordinary  luck. 

But  Raemaekers  sees  this  in  symbol:  "a  x-ulnerable  gasbag,"  he  seems 
to  say,  "flaming,  spectacular  always,  to  destruction." 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


128 


129 


The  Climber 


FRITZ,  apart  iroin  the  blood  with  which  he  stained  every  rung  of 
his  two  hidders,  climbed  well,  as  these  things  go;  unfortunately 
for  him,  he  was  not  careful  at  the  outset  to  see  that  his  ladders 
were  solidly  based.  Not  only  did  he  base  them  both  in  bad  diplomacy, 
but  he  added  to  these  bases  a  lack  of  understanding  of  the  temper  of  the 
nations  whom  he  opposed,  and  then  again  he  added  a  scrupulous  dis- 
regard for  what  are  generally  termed  the  humanities.  He  viewed  man- 
kind as  subservient  to  the  machinery  that  mankind  should  control, 
whether  it  be  machinery  of  government,  of  war,  of  trade,  or  of  thought 
and  philosophy.  Organization  was  of  more  moment  to  him  than  the 
spirit  that  should  control  organization,  and  for  that  he  will  pay  the 
penalty. 

One  may  observe,  with  a  second  glance  at  this  cartoon,  that  though 
Fritz  has  reached  verj'  nearly  to  the  tops  of  his  two  ladders,  yet  he  will 
never  get  beyond  the  last  rungs,  even  if  he  steadies  himself  and  his  sup- 
ports sufficiently  to  get  on  to  those  rungs.  For  over  his  head  there 
outthrusts  a  ledge.  Could  he  surmount  it,  he  might  overlook  the  world, 
and  one  may  call  that  ledge  the  universal  conscience,  which  the  artist 
has  pictured  elsewhere  in  different  form.  It  is  the  last  obstacle,  and  it 
is  insurmountable.  With  his  crimes  and  cruelties,  it  is  unthinkable  that 
Fritz  should  ever  finish  his  climb,  for  the  conscience  of  the  world  will 
not  permit  it. 

And  yet  another  point  that  the  cartoon  suggests.  This  climber,  the 
typical  German,  is  not  the  stuff  of  which  successful  climbers  are  made. 
Muscle  is  there,  and  a  certain  amount  of  brain,  but  success  in  an  enterprise 
of  such  magnitude  demands  a  soul,  and  for  sign  of  that  one  may  look  in 

vain. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


130 


131 


Culture  at  Wittenberg 

ECCE  Homo! 
In  the  hideous  record  of  what  took  place  at  Wittenberg,  the 
fact  which  to  me,  personally,  stands  out  in  grotesque  salience  is  the 
cowardice  of  the  Hun  doctors,  who  (led,  incontinent,  from  the  ravages 
of  the  pestilence  which  their  neghgence  had  provoked.  In  England, 
before  the  war,  Hun  doctors  were  exalted  above  our  own.  That  we 
owe  much  to  their  indefatigable  patience  and  research  cannot  be  denied. 
To  belittle  their  achievements,  especially  in  bacteriology,  would  be 
fatuous.  And  it  would  be  as  fatuous  to  indict  the  courage  of  the  many 
because  we  hold  indisputable  evidence  of  the  cowardice  of  the  few. 
Nevertheless,  the  facts  of  Wittenberg  remain,  an  indelible  stain  upon 
the  Herren  Professoren,  and  Raemaekers,  in  this  cartoon,  indicates 
unerringly  the  cause  which  brought  about  so  ignominious  a  retreat. 

They  had  turned  their  faces  from  that  ineffable  Face  which  looks 
down  in  sorrow  and  pity  upon  the  sufTerings  of  Mankind. 

However  we  may  regard  that  Face,  whether  as  a  precious  symbol  of 
the  Love  which  redeemed  the  world  or  as  a  Real  and  Divine  Presence, 
this  much  is  certain.  What  It  stands  for  in  the  history  of  civilization 
cannot  be  ignored.  It  sustained  the  early  martyrs  and  countless  myriads 
since  during  bitter  hours  of  suffering  and  torment;  It  has  illumined  all 
battlefields;  It  shines  most  steadfastly  in  storm  and  stress;  It  loses  its 
incomparable  splendor  only  in  the  sunshine  of  a  too  smug  prosperity. 

The  doctors  of  Wittenberg  may  have  glimpsed  It,  and  glimpsing  It 
reviled  It!  Even  to  them  that  Face,  divested  by  them  of  divine  at- 
tributes, must  possess  a  material  significance,  inasmuch  as  none  can 
escape  sorrow  and  pain.  The  cartoonist  portrays  the  "All-Highest"  hiding 
behind  the  colossal  image  of  Culture,  the  culture  which  has  sprung 
to  life  at  his  touch,  the  machine  which  has  mastered  its  monarch,  the 
machine  which  defies  God! 

Cowering  behind  that  machine,  aghast  at  the  power  he  is  unable  to 
control,  we  may  leave  the  "All-Highest,"  who  boasts  that  lie  is  God's 
vice-regent  upon  earth. 

Culture  at  Wittenberg! 

Culture  bolting  from  Wittenberg! 

Perhaps  Raemaekers  will  give  us  a  cartoon  showing  the  back  of  Cul- 
ture.    We  behold  her  in  this  cartoon  crowned:  we  should  like  to  see  her 

uncrowned. 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


132 


133 


The  "Civilians'' 

HERE,  with  a  vengeance,  is  majesty  shorn  of  its  externals.  Al- 
though in  this  cartoon  we  get  Raemackcis  in  hghter  vein,  yet 
the  irony  and  force  of  the  artist  are  as  fully  expressed  as  in  those 
grimmer  studies  from  which  he  who  runs  may  read  the  fate  of  Belgium, 
of  Serbia,  and  of  the  many  non-combatants  who  have  found  death  at 
sea  through  Germany's  mad  dream  of  conquest. 

The  elder  Willie,  obviously,  does  not  like  the  set  of  his  coat,  after  the 
glory  of  his  many  uniforms;  the  younger  Willie,  apparently,  has  finished 
his  trying  on,  and  from  his  expression  the  result  is  as  much  as  he  could 
expect,  and  no  more.  In  both  there  is  that  suggestion  of  posturing,  of 
playing  to  the  gallery  and  being  determined  that  the  clothes  shall  be 
suited  to  the  part,  for  which  William  Hohenzollern  was  noted  before 
ever  this  war  showed  him  as  the  most  infamous  ruler  of  modern  time. 

There  is  a  certain  bitter  correctness  in  Raemaekers'  estimate  of  these 
exalted  personages.  Shorn  of  their  uniforms,  posturing  before  a  mirror 
in  a  slightly  Parisian  (using  the  adjective  in  the  pre-war,  foppish  sense) 
garb,  they  show  as  very  little  men — rather  contemptible,  in  fact,  as,  of 
course,  they  are.  For  it  is  open  to  any  man  to  dream  of  ruling  the  world, 
and  of  setting  nations  by  the  throat  for  the  sake  of  an  ambition  that 
civilization  cannot  tolerate;  it  is  open  to  any  head  of  a  government  to 
set  the  machinery  in  motion  which  might  gratify  that  ambition — but  it  is 
open  only  to  a  /?ja?j,  in  the  very  best  of  that  one  syllable,  to  bring  his 
ambition  to  fruition,  and  even  then  only  by  strict  adherence  to  natural 
law.  And  these  two,  posturing  as  Raemaekers  makes  them  posture  here, 
have  ignored  law;  they  had  the  wit  to  dream,  but  not  the  brain  to  make 
reality  of  dream,  nor  the  moral  sense  through  which  they  might  have 
made  the  world  acknowledge  the  dream  as  worth  while  translating  into 
actualities.  Probably,  if  they  were  set  in  a  St.  Helena  of  to-day,  they  would 
fold  their  arms  and  try  on  cocked  hats,  as  once  they  tried  on  uniforms.  But 
though  the  clothes  declare  the  man,  they  cannot  make  of  him  other  than 
he  is,  and  these  two  are  mere  posturers,  whatever  may  be  their  attitudes. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


134 


^sr^^ 


ouis  t~S.. 


'kpr 


135 


Two  Peals  of  Thunder 

HERE  the  artist  has  depicted  the  Kaiser  as  a  modern  Ajax,  not 
defying  the  lightning  but  afraid  of  it.  The  arch  Hun  sees  the 
neutral  Powers  one  by  one  abandoning  their  neutrality  and  enter- 
ing the  lists  against  him  and  his  gospel  of  force  and  world-power  for  Ger- 
many. Italy,  after  slow  progress  and  positive  and  seemingly  disastrous 
set-backs,  has  emerged  to  the  fullness  of  a  success  which  has  proved  in- 
valuable to  her  Allies  as  a  whole.  In  Rumania's  dark  hour  there  is  yet 
a  gleam  of  hope  and  the  indications  of  a  dawn  which  shall  see  Iier  tri- 
umphant and  reaping  where  she  has  sown,  and  ultimately  honored  among 
the  nations  for  the  part  she  has  determined  to  play  in  the  struggle  for 
freedom  and  for  international  integrity.  The  reward  of  high  courage 
and  faith  is  often  not  at  the  moment,  but  is  none  the  less  certain  for  all 
that.  Truly  the  keenest  of  all  edges  is  upon  the  sword  drawn  in  the 
cause  of  freedom.  Rumania  has  drawn  that  sword,  and  it  will  not  be 
sheathed  until  freedom  from  tyranny  has  been  won,  not  alone  for  her 
but  for  the  nations  of  Europe  as  a  whole. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


136 


137 


A  Universal  Conscience 

NOTHING  should  have  more  utterly  "staggered  humanity"  in  the 
conduct  and  prosecution  of  a  war  that  has  been  from  first  to  hist 
an  exhibition  of  Hunnish  ferocity  than  the  elasticity  of  the  Hun 
"conscience."  The  Prussian,  indeed,  seems  to  have  assembled  in  his 
person  all  the  most  ignoble  qualities  of  the  untutored  savage,  and  the 
most  despicable  vices  of  the  political  and  moral  Chadband  and  Stiggins 
of  common  quotation.  Deeds  which  should  have  served  to  bring  the 
whole  neutral  world  actively  upon  the  side  of  the  Allies,  which  should 
have  called  forth  protests  that  could  not  be  misunderstood  by  the  of- 
fenders, have  been  made  even  more  revolting  and  unforgivable  by  reason 
of  the  horrible  association  by  the  Kaiser  and  his  myrmidons  of  the 
Divine  Being  with  them. 

"Gott  mit  Uns"  has  not  merely  been  adopted  as  a  motto  by  a  people 
w-ho  have  been  guilty  of  atrocities  which  rank,  with  those  of  Nero  and 
Attila,  but  has  been  used  as  a  cloak  for  deeds  of  diabolism  which  have 
caused  a  shudder  to  run  through  the  civilized  world.  And  in  this  car- 
toon the  artist  has  sought  to  depict  an  outraged  conscience  pointing 
the  finger  of  accusation  at  the  world  which  has  looked  on,  contenting 
itself  with  mild  protests.  Grasped  in  the  hand  of  this  accusing  figure 
is  the  Hun;  a  dripping  dagger,  which  has  been  used  to  assassinate  inno- 
cent women,  children,  and  civilians  is  in  one  hand,  and  a  bomb  containing 
poison  gas  in  the  other.  A  Hun  with  his  favorite  motto  inscribed  upon 
his  belt.  Surely  a  sight  to  make  angels  weep,  and  the  Recording  Angel 
to  seek  to  veil  her  face. 

The  Hun  at  bay  has  added  to  the  list  of  crimes  to  be  ultimately  laid  at 
his  door  that  of  slave-raider.  And  the  tears  of  women  and  girls,  and  the 
blood  of  the  men  who  resisted  the  slave-raiders,  cry  aloud  to  Heaven 
from  the  stricken  land  of  Belgium  and  the  conquered  Provinces  of  France. 

And  the  slave-raider's  cry  is,  "Gott  mit  Uns,"  accompanied  by  the 
crack  of  rifle,  the  agonized  cry  of  mothers  and  daughters  separated  from 
their  men  folk,  and  the  wail  of  little  children  left  to  starve  and  die. 

There  is  an  old  saying,  "  ^Vhom  the  gods  wish  to  destroy  they 
first  make  mad."  That  madness,  productive  of  diabolical  wickedness,  is 
eating  into  the  very  brain  and  vitals  of  Germany.  And  like  a  mad  dog 
she  must,  in  the  persons  of  her  responsible  leaders,  be  destroyed  utterly. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


138 


139 


Joan  of  Arc  and  St.  George 

NOT  only  those  wlio  are  fightinji;  the  battle  of  tyranny  and  delending 
force  against  the  arms  of  civihzation  have  failed  to  see  this  dazzling 
white  Hght  in  which  they  stand.  Many  who  now  support  the 
Central  Kingdoms,  to  the  extent  of  desiring  an  indecisive  peace,  are 
similarly  blind  to  the  pure  ray  which  bathes  these  allegorical  figures.  The 
foulness  of  the  shadowed  protagonists  comes  from  within.  It  belongs 
to  their  spirits;  and  yet  those  who  desire  peace  can  survey  facts  and, 
in  the  name  of  righteousness,  wish  that  no  humility  or  indignity  should 
fall  upon  them.  The  hearts  of  men  are  being  searched  out  and  by  their 
deeds  shall  men  be  judged.  Vain,  then,  to  beg  that  Germany  be  not 
thrust  beyond  the  pale  of  nations,  for  who  put  her  there?  Vain  to  pray 
that  no  humiliation  or  indignity  fall  to  her  lot  when  peace  returns,  for 
who  have  brought  them  upon  her?  She  has  outraged  herself  and  stands 
humiliated  before  her  own  conscience.  "Let  no  wound  fall  upon  her 
inviolate  land,"  cry  the  peacemakers.  As  well  might  they  pray  that  a 
man  shall  escape  the  har\est  he  has  sown.  Not  Belgium,  not  Serbia, 
not  Armenia  stream  with  innocent  blood  and  lie  polluted  under  the 
filthiness  of  these  premeditated  crimes;  but  Germany,  Austria,  Turkey 
reek  to  the  hearts  of  their  capitals.  Their  kingdoms  are  defiled,  their 
streets  shadowed  and  stained  by  their  own  abominations;  the  unnum- 
bered ghosts  of  murdered  women  and  children  haunt  their  homes. 

Let  us  hear  no  more  cant  that  Germany  is  a  great  and  noble  nation, 
that  the  Turk  is  an  honorable,  clean  lighter  and  a  good  friend.  We 
cannot  see  one  or  other  of  them  for  the  blood  and  tears  of  their  defense- 
less victims;  nor  do  we  desire  to  see  them,  nor  breathe  the  same  air  with 
them  until  the  lustral  waters  have  washed  and  the  cleansing  fires  have 
purged.  We  must  know  with  whom  we  are  called  to  make  peace  before 
the  word  can  touch  our  lips;  for  shall  honest  kingdoms  be  ordered 
to  treat  with  this  horned  murderer,  or  the  leprous  reptile  crawling  away 
from  the  light  into  familiar  darkness?  Let  the  defeated  nations  cast 
out  the  devils  that  have  led  them  into  their  present  degradation  before 
they  dare  to  call  upon  the  sacred  name  of  Peace. 

A  distinguished  Academician,  Mr.  Nicholas  Butler,  President  of  Co- 
lumbia University,  has  very  elTectively  voiced  the  situation  in  a  recent 
utterance.  He  holds  that  "no  greater  opportunity  for  an  act  of  con- 
structive and  far-reaching  statesmanship  has  ever  presented  itself  in 
modern  history  than  that  now  presented  to  the  Governments  of  the 
Allied  Powers." 

May  we  be  found  equal  to  this  tremendous  task  when  the  way  to 
humanity's  triumph  has  been  Hung  open  by  the  spirits  of  Joan  of  Arc 
and  St.  George,  who  typify  our  united  arms. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


140 


141 


The  Bringers  of  Happiness 

WE  will  bring  happiness  to  the  conquered  country  after  the 
war." 
Pomposity,  ponderosity,  machine-like  movement,  ruthless, 
cold,  and  calculating  logic,  which  sticks  at  nothing,  not  even  the  lowest 
of  low  cunning,  want  of  sense  of  humor,  the  absence  of  anything  like 
sportsmanship  or  chivalry — these  are  qualities  which  the  average  Eng- 
lishman does  not  admire,  and  finds  it  didicult  even  to  understand.  He 
cannot  help  reading  his  own  characteristics,  which  are  for  good  and 
bad  so  dilTerent,  into  other  men  and  creatures.  He  cannot  understand 
their  entire  absence,  and  it  is  didicult  for  him  to  believe  that  men  so 
differently  constituted  can  exist. 

Mr.  Raemaekcrs  wants  to  make  us  realize  the  fact,  to  present  it  cm- 
bodied.     The  legitimate  emphasis  of  his  caricature  has  this  for  its  object. 

Ponderous,  pompous,  pachydermatous,  self-satisfied,  fat,  successful 
and  comfortable;  but  without  feeling  for  the  comfort  of  others.  We 
have  here  the  type  of  German  military  domination.  Submit  to  Ger- 
many and  you  will  be  happy,  in  the  German  way,  which  is  the  best  way, 
because  it  is  German.  If  you  don't  like  that,  you  must  lump  it.  That 
is  the  message  of  this  speaking  likeness. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


142 


/ 


A 


/_..'  ui  ;  '^.  "f-  r.>  -  o  \  »r  S. 


143 


The  Old  Poilu 


OF  all  Raemaekcrs'  cartoons  this  is  the  one  that  pleases  mc  most. 
It  is  the  French  Army. 
The  Grand  Army  that  tramped  away  into  the  night  after  the 
bugles  of  1812-15  left  behind  it  more  than  a  sentiment  and  a  storj'.  It 
was  the  spirit  of  that  army  that  broke  the  Germans  at  the  Marne  and  held 
them  at  Verdun,  and  it  is  the  same  spirit  that  is  holding  them  now  on 
the  Somme. 

Here  is  the  fighting  face  of  France,  recalling  the  baggage  carts  of  the 
Bcresina  no  less  than  the  guns  of  Austcrlitz.  The  old  soldier  of  the 
Emperor,  the  old  soldier  of  the  Republic.  Cambronne  no  less  than 
JofTre.  It  is  the  face  that  has  seen  the  snows  of  Russia  and  the  sunlight 
on  the  Pyramids,  victory  and  defeat,  the  heights  and  the  depths,  and 
always,  across  all  and  through  all,  the  fair  land  of  France. 
The  secret  is  in  the  eyes.     Look  at  tluni! 

II.  DE  VERE  STACPOOLE. 


144 


145 


Humanity  Torpedoed 

THAT  really  is  the  essence  of  the  matter,  the  summing;  up  of  the 
World  War  in  an  ilhiminatino;  phrase.  The  Machine  versus  the  Man! 
Before  the  outbreak  of  war,  in  those  far-oil  clays  when  we  talked 
so  glibly  of  human  progress  and  civilization,  the  machinery  whicii 
controlled  and  coordinated  life  seemed  to  be  a  bigger  thing  than  life 
itself.  The  Machine  in  politics,  in  our  myriad  industries,  in  our  moments 
of  relaxation  was  scrapping  men  relentlessly.  The  very  few  perceived 
this  and  protested  vigorously,  but  quite  in  vain.  Even  in  religion,  using 
the  word  in  its  highest  sense,  the  Machine  held  human  souls  in  its  grip 
and  ground  them  out  to  an  approved  pattern. 

Was  the  war  inilicted  upon  a  generation  of  fools  to  teach  them  wisdom? 
It  may  well  be  so. 

Et  propter  vitam  viicndi  pcrdere  causas! 

Juvenal's  well-worn  tag  echoes  down  the  centuries.  We  ask  ourselves 
once  more  the  eternal  ciuestion:  What  makes  life  worth  the  living? 
None  of  us,  to-day,  dares  to  answer  that  question  lightly,  but  all — even 
our  enemies  in  the  field — know  by  bitterest  experience  that  Man  is 
greater  than  the  Machine,  that  he  soars  high  above  it  and  may  be  crushed 
but  not  killed  by  it.  Humanity  may  be  torpedoed,  but  it  remains 
immortal. 

Our  beloved  dead  still  live. 

And  what  message  do  they  send  us? 

Surely  the  gospel  of  kindness,  which  has  always  triumphed  gloriously 
over  cruelty.  Indeed,  the  supreme  lesson  of  the  war  would  appear  to 
be  this,  and  this  only:  that  kindness  is  the  supreme  virtue  and  cruelty 
the  supreme  vice. 

If  our  enemies  could  be  made  to  realize  so  fundamental  a  truth,  if 
the  men  who  control  the  destinies  of  the  Allies  could  make  it  plain  to 
the  Central  Powers  that  we  are  lighting  against  the  Machine  in  life  and 
not  against  men,  the  Dove  of  Peace  might  begin  to  preen  its  wings  for 
night. 

Humanity  has  been  torpedoed,  but  we  look  for  its  resurrection.  Petard 
must  be  hoisted  by  petard;  that,  for  the  moment,  is  inevitable.  A 
patched-up  peace  is  unthinkable.  Such  a  conclusion,  most  happily, 
has  become  almost  universal. 

And  afterward  ? 

If  the  hopes  and  aspirations  of  to-day  bear  fruit  to-morrow,  may  we 
not  envisage  a  brighter  future  during  these  dark  hours? 

To  think  otherwise,  to  maintain,  with  whatever  specious  argument, 
that  Force  must  dominate  mankind,  is  not  merely  a  negation  of  Chris- 
tianity, but  a  negation  of  Humanity.  Such  is  the  creed  of  the  Hun. 
By  it  he  has  been  judged  and  found  wanting. 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


146 


147 


The  Super-Hooligans 

THE  suggestion  of  this  caricature  is  perhaps  not  so  obvious  to 
Englishmen  us  might  be  wished,  for  it  represents  the  Kaiser, 
and  the  forces  behind  him,  as  more  broken  down  than  we  have 
reason  to  think  they  were,  or  at  any  rate,  than  they  appeared  to  us  at 
the  time  this  cartoon  first  appeared.  It  may  be  that  to  the  neutrals  their 
cause  seemed  less  hopeful,  and  more  out-at-elbows,  as  here  depicted. 
The  continuous  fall  of  the  mark  in  neutral  countries  may  mean  this. 

The  figure  of  President  Wilson  is  at  any  rate  exceedingly  clever.  De- 
tached, professorial,  contemplative,  slightly  academic,  not  to  say  don- 
nish, he  contemplates  "Mr.  Turveydrop"  and  "Bill  Sykes,"  for  such 
characters  they  appear  to  be,  with  pensive,  amused  speculation.  He 
certainly  cannot  expect  more  than  swagger  and  sham  gentility,  scarcely 
disguising  brutal  rufiianism,  from  such  figures.  But  is  not  the  reality 
more  serious  and  murderous? 

The  Kaiser  is  doubtless  an  actor,  but  not  quite  such  a  shabby-genteel 
third-rater  as  this,  and  his  bullies  are  no  doubt  burglars  and  ruffians, 
but  not  of  the  old-fashioned,  bludgeon  type;  rather  the  smart,  modern 
operators,  armed  w^ith  automatic  revolvers,  oxygen  blowpipes,  swift  mo- 
tors, and  other  appliances  of  up-to-date  science.  "Super-HooHgans" 
both  doubtless  arc,  but  unfortunately  not  to  be  despised  as  enemies. 
This,  however,  would  be  less  easy  to  present  in  caricature,  and  perhaps  less 
telling. 

The  point  is  the  folly  of  expecting  any  true  "gentleness,"  or  anything 
but  a  veneer  of  gentility,  from  Germany. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


148 


ji<;  |->r&emciel<^'"i'. 


149 


Before  the  Fall 


WHEN,  in  August  of  1914,  the  Gciman  hosts  set  out  on  their 
way  to  victory  and  yet  greater  victory,  they  had  in  their  minds 
a  figure  which,  for  them,  had  been  girdled  round  with  dignities 
almost  sacred.  Whatever  their  secret  thoughts  regarding  this  figure 
might  have  been,  it  was  ostensibly  something  very  nearly  sacred;  to  the 
rest  of  the  world  it  was  an  imperial  figure,  portrayed  in  many  attitudes, 
but  in  practically  every  attitude  there  was  the  suggestion  of  inimitable 
pride.  The  world  that  is  not  Germany  had  huighed  at  this  figure  a 
Httle:  over  certain  telegrams,  over  the  assumption  of  genius  in  certain 
artistic  fields,  and  over  a  versatifity  that  was  ahnost  Neronic.  There 
was  not  wanting,  among  free  peoples,  a  certain  amount  of  contempt  for 
this  figure. 

Here  you  have  the  figure  in  a  new  attitude,  and  though  at  the  time 
this  cartoon  was  published  the  triumphs  in  Rumania  were  still  to  come, 
and  the  German  fines  of  defense  were  apparently  as  strong  as  ever,  yet 
the  cartoon  expressed  a  truth,  as  do  ail  these  cartoons  of  Raemaekers. 
As  insecurely  as  is  pictured  here  stood  this  man  who  aped  Napoleon  and 
Alexander,  at  whose  bidcfing  women  and  children  were  fed  into  the 
furnace  of  war,  through  whose  senseless  ambition  countless  homes  were 
made  places  of  mourning  for  the  men  who  would  return  no  more.  More 
than  three  years  of  suffering,  and  the  face  of  the  world  changed,  the 
progress  of  the  world  arrested — for  this! 

Beneath  him  is  the  gulf;  he  has  hurled  millions  into  it,  and  here 
postures  no  more  as  second  only  to  omnipotence,  but  waits  the  inevitable 
fall.     Thank  God  that  it  is  inevitable. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


150 


^ 


151 


The  Shirkers 


IT  is  inevitable  that  there  should  be  in  every  country  degenerates 
who  decline  to  play  the  game.  England  has  her  disreputable  leaven 
of  shirkers;  France,  whose  heroism  beggars  description,  has  to  reckon 
with  her  embusques.  The  serene  cheerfulness  with  which  the  bitterest 
sacrifices  are  faced  daily  by  the  mass  of  the  nations  engaged  in  the  terri- 
ble conflict,  bring  into  powerful  relief  the  obliquity  and  depravity  of  the 
handful  of  men  who  seek  to  escape  the  heavy  burden  that  lies  upon 
all.  There  is  no  possibility  of  exaggerating  the  mean  infamy  of  the 
men  who  seek  their  own  safety  by  skulking  behind  the  broad  backs 
of  the  defenders  of  their  country,  when  every  call  of  duty  and  right 
demands  their  presence  in  the  fighting-linc.  It  is  very  dillicull  to  dis- 
tinguish between  the  sinfulness  of  shirking  at  a  crisis  like  the  present 
and  the  crime  of  overt  treachery.  No  injustice  would  be  done  if  every 
shirker  were  made  to  understand  that  he  is  liable  to  the  traitor's  penalty 
if  he  persist  in  his  ofTense. 

The  repetition  of  conscientious  objections  to  war,  at  a  time  when  a 
nation  is  committed  to  a  strife  in  which  any  slackening  spells  for  it  prac- 
tical annihilation,  causes  graver  and  graver  perplexity.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  any  healthy  mind  can  now  |)Iead  a  conscientious  objection 
without  provoking  suspicion  of  his  powers  of  coherent  reasoning.  A 
condition  of  things  has  arisen  in  which  private  sentiment,  however 
honestly  cherished,  is  Ijound  to  yield  to  public  needs.  It  is  a  tradition 
of  the  country  in  normal  times  to  treat  the  conscientious  objector  with 
tenderness.  As  far  as  public  safety  allows,  it  is  even  now  a  proper 
function  of  Government  to  discriminate  between  an  honest  delusion, 
however  anti-social,  and  a  wilful  defiance,  from  contemptible  motives 
of  selfishness  or  cowardice,  of  right  principle.  A  very  formidable  danger 
clearly  lurks  in  any  continuance  of  the  lax  toleration  which  is  often 
extended  to  the  conscientious  objector,  by  virtue  of  the  opportunity 
such  considerate  treatment  ofTcrs  the  shirker  of  indulging  his  evil  pro- 

nensities. 

^  SIDNEY  LEE. 


152 


o  tiiO  ^o  t>  rn  tt  ^ 


?|<5'rc^ 


-J 


153 


For  Merit 


THERE  is  no  doubt  a  certain  unfairness  in  the  inevitable  war- 
time method  of  laying  the  burden  of  the  crimes  of  war  upon  this 
or  that  pair  of  shoulders.  Princes  in  particular  must  paj'  this  pen- 
alty attached  to  their  august  station.  And  few  can  have  less  just  reason 
to  complain  than  this  slim  heir  of  the  Hohcnzollerns  who  so  thirsted 
for  the  glory  of  war.  He  has  found  out  by  now  that  it  is  a  less  glorious 
affair  than  it  seemed  when  set  forth  in  heady,  unwise  speech  (after  un- 
wise dining)  from  the  box  of  a  Danzig  theater. 

Deprived  of  his  expected  bays  by  the  idiotic  obstinacy  of  the  so  ut- 
terly decadent  French,  his  fond  parent  bestows  on  him  the  Order  pour 
le  Mi'rite  with  oak  leaves.  It  is  not  quite  easy  to  see  why.  Surely 
there  cannot  have  been  any  obscure  sardonic  reference  to  tanning. 

But  if,  as  the  artist  suggests,  and  the  plainest  reading  of  the  facts  of 
the  fruitless  Verdun  assault  seems  to  conlirm,  li\es  of  men  were  squan- 
dered in  a  reckless  attempt  to  save  the  princeling's  face  (which  was, 
in  fact,  beyond  saving),  then  does  he  richly  deserve  the  grim  decoration 
with  which  in  the  name  of  infamy  he  is  here  invested — the  Order  of 
Butchery,  with  knives.  And  you  may  view  the  crosses  upon  the 
pathetic  mounds  before  Verdun  as  so  many  entries  in  the  Recording 

Angel's  ledger. 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


154 


>5SS 


IV 


^y 


rrrrrr 


'T_oui'v'[^^<:i«'mae»l^er*-  — — 


155 


Duty  V.  Militarism 

SAME  here! 
Same,  I  suppose,  in  every  country. 

The  final  necessity  has  put  to  the  proof  that  which  goes  to  the 
making  of  a  man  and  of  a  nation. 

The  man  who  is  prepared  to  lay  down  his  Hfc  for  his  country  simply 
regards  it  as  a  duty,  and  does  it  regardless  of  everything.  And  Duty 
is  a  nol:)Ie  leader. 

The  man  who  is  not  prepared  to  give  up  his  usual  pleasures  and  dissi- 
pations, even  though  his  country  be  in  extremity,  looks  askance  at  the 
call,  labels  it  militarism,  and  will  have  none  of  it. 

E\'ery  age  and  every  nation  has  its  shirkers,  who  have  been  only  too 
willing  to  let  any  but  themselves  bear  their  burdens  so  that  their  own 
personal  comfort  might  not  be  interfered  with.  And  shirkers  such  as 
these  have  the  deserved  contempt  of  every  honest  man. 

But,  in  strictest  justice  to  the  few — like  the  Friends,  and  those  who 
believe  with  them  that  force  is  no  remedy — while  one  cannot  but  wonder 
what  would  have  become  of  the  world  if  e\il  were  to  be  allowed  to  ravage 
it  at  will,  and  while  one  finds  it  difficult  to  view  matters  from  their  stand- 
point, it  must  be  acknowledged  that  the  military  coercion  of  genuine 
conscience  in  these  days  is  an  anachronism  which  galls  one's  feelings. 

The  one  thing  we  have  now  to  guard  against  in  this  free  land  of  ours 
is  lest  in  breaking  by  force  the  unspeakable  tyranny  of  Prussian  mili- 
tarism we  lay  our  own  necks  under  an  equal  yoke. 

JOHN  OXENHAM. 


156 


_L-'«>uiS  l-^ffmoekfri^ 


157 


The  Troubadour 

GERMANIA  Io\ccI  music  and  so  llu'  troubadour  sang  to  her. 
Gaily    the    troubadour    sang    of    glory    and     empire,    and    the 
good  German  sword. 

And  he  sang  a  song  of  Kultur,  a  pocketful  of  loot. 

And  a  song  of  tears,  the  tears  of  widows  and  orphans  in  other  hinds, 
widows  of  fooHsh  men  who  had  denied  her  omnipotent  will;  and  of  fool- 
ish reluctant  virgins  to  whom  was  given  the  shining  compensation  of 
bearing  sons  to  her  flushed  warriors. 

And  if  he  sang  of  her  own  sons  that  lay  before  Liege,  and  by  the  Yscr, 
and  on  the  high  road  to  Paris  and  to  Calais,  and  Petrograd,  it  was 
still  a  song  of  glory  in  a  minor  but  triumjihant  key. 

For  also  he  sang  a  song  of  an  all-highest  j^romise  that,  wreathed  with 
the  splendid  bays  of  victory,  her  sons  should  return  Ix'fore  the  next 
ripening  of  the  har\est.  But  the  harvest  was  gathered  and  they  came 
not. 

And  then  he  sang  a  song  of  the  sea  with  the  moan  of  the  winds  in 
it,  and  the  cries  of  little  children — which  for  a  sea-song  was  not  a  pleasant 
song. 

And  thereafter  with  a  line  operatic  vehemence  he  Urokc  into  a  song 
of  glorious  hate. 

And  again  he  sang  (in  a  queer  mocKing  voice)  of  the  promise.  But 
another  harvest  was  garnered  (and  eaten)  and  still  her  sons  returned 
not. 

And  she  began  to  be  afraid. 

So  (for  he  had  a  pretty  wit)  he  sang  again  a  song  of  glory  and  feast- 
ing, and  there  was  laughter  in  his  voice. 

And  at  the  last  a  song  of  thanks  most  indubitably  sincere. 

And  she  turned  and  looked  upon  the  troubadour  and  found  that  he 
was  Death — in  the  high  boots  of  a  German  Hussar. 

And  she  stopped  her  ears,  not  to  mute  his  singing,  but  to  shut  out 
the  thunder  of  the  guns  that  came  down  all  the  w  inds. 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


158 


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iiiH '  ^f^'  ^  ^  y,£l5C  '^^ 


159 


See  the  Conquering  Hero  Comes 

A  BITTER  satire  on  the  moral  and  intellectual  claims  of  Germany. 
The  conquering  hero  of  the  twentieth  century  and  the  bearer  of 
Kullur  is  no  mere  Hun.  He  is  a  "throw-back"  to  an  ancestral 
type  far  more  remote  than  Attila,  who  was  a  comparatively  polished 
person.  He  is  primitive  iMan,  not  Rousseau's  imaginary  rbomme  naturel, 
but  the  Urmensch,  a  veritable  monster,  gross,  bloated,  abominable,  com- 
pact of  evil,  and  more  repulsive  than  the  wild  beasts  he  has  tamed  to 
do  his  hideous  will.  They  are  monstrous  creatures  too,  but  dull  and 
brutish.  They  are  incapable  of  moral  judgment;  they  follow  their  in- 
stincts and  know  no  better.  But  he  knows.  He  is  Man,  to  whom  has 
been  given  understanding  and  lordship  over  all  the  beasts.  He  is  their 
master  by  reason  of  his  superior  brain,  and  that  superiority  is  the  measure 
of  his  depravity.  By  choosing  these  savage  creatures  to  be  his  com- 
panions and  to  do  his  pleasure  he  proclaims  himself  far  lower  than  they, 
because  he  might  have  chosen  otherwise. 

We  know  those  favorite  satellites  of  his.  One  flics  overhead — a 
vulture  with  gore  dripping  from  beak  and  claws.  Two  others  walk 
behind  their  master  in  docile  servitude  and  ape  his  bearing  as  well  as 
their  dull  senses  and  uncouth  forms  allow.  One  is  a  gorilla,  with  bared 
fangs  and  the  glare  of  senseless  destructiveness  in  his  eyes;  the  other  is 
a  whiskered  wolf,  sly,  murderous  and  ruthless.  They  bear  the  hero's 
train  and  wear  the  marks  of  approbation  he  has  bestowed  upon  them 
for  the  services  they  have  rendered  by  the  exercise  of  the  qualities  proper 
to  their  kind. 

And  there  is  one  other.  Ever  as  he  goes,  there  wriggles  along  by  his 
side  a  snake — that  old  serpent,  the  devil  and  the  father  of  lies. 

So  accompanied  and  swelling  with  pride  the  conquering  hero  swaggers 
on  over  the  bleached  bones  that  bear  witness  to  his  triumph.  He  has 
decked  his  repulsive  form  with  the  incongruous  trappings  of  civilization, 
and  his  foul  \'isage  wears  an  air  of  ineflable  self-satisfaction  and  arrogant 
disdain.  In  his  own  conceit  he  cuts  a  splendid  figure  and  is  the  object 
of  universal  admiration.  From  his  girdle  hang  the  heads  of  his  latest 
victims  and  in  his  right  hand  he  carries,  delicately  poised  as  a  scepter 
and  sign  of  sovereignty,  a  cudgel  tipped  with  the  hand  of  a  child  hacked 
off  at  the  wrist.  This  is  his  title  of  honor.  The  savage  beasts  that 
accompany  him  cannot  aspire  to  such  majesty;  they  do  not  prey  on 
their  own  kind. 

And  that  is  how  a  neutral  sees  the  German  hero. 

ARTHUR  SHADWELL. 


160 


IGl 


Belgium 


IT  appears  to  me  that  Raemaekers'  wonderful  cartoons  more  often 
than  not  fall  naturally  into  two  main  classes:  the  subtle  and  the 
direct.     In    both    methods   of   appeal    he   is   a   past-master,    and    his 

message  never  fails  to  drive  itseli  nome,  either  through  the  medium  of 
one's  intellect  or  one's  heart.  Here  we  have  a  good  and  vivid  example 
of  the  direct  method  of  gaining  our  sympathy.  An  appeal  to  the  emo- 
tional rather  than  to  the  intellectual  within  us. 

The  woes  of  devastated  Belgium,  of  its  starving  population,  of  its 
desolate  homes,  of  its  orphaned  children,  may  be  said  by  some  to  be  an 
"oft  told  tale."  But  surely  none  looking  upon  this  most  poignant 
drawing  can  fail  to  understand  much  of  the  tragedy  and  misery  brought 
about  by  the  German  occupation  of  Belgian  soil  and  the  methods  ol 
Kultur  which  for  a  period  of  three  years  now  have  held  sway  in  that 
unhappy  land. 

Those  of  us  who  know  the  facts — the  things  which  do  not  always  get 
into  the  papers,  as  the  phrase  is — the  wilful  starvation  of  the  poor  by 
their  relentless  conquerors,  can  best  understand  and  appreciate  the 
artist's  message. 

What  a  pathetic  picture  this  is!  The  starved  woman — all  the  round- 
ness and  beauty  of  womanhood  and  motherhood  brutally  stamped  out 
of  her  face  and  figure  by  the  state  of  things  brought  about  by  the 
rule  of  the  Hun;  the  child  clinging  to  her  mother  with  the  terror  and 
amazement  which  is  the  most  piteous  of  all  cxj^rcssions  that  can  come 
into  and  be  graven  upon  the  face  of  childhood.  Both  bear  in  their 
faces  and  forms  the  cruel  marks  of  starNation  and  suffering. 

And  yet  there  are  those  abroad  in  the  land  who  can  talk  and  write 
of  "saving  Germany  from  too  much  humiliation."  Too  much  humilia- 
tion! For  one,  I  say  that  if  Germany  can  be  dragged  in  the  dust;  if 
her  rulers  can  be  made  to  eat  the  bread  of  humiliation;  if  her  bestial- 
minded  military  officials,  who  ha\e  deported  women  and  girls  from  Bel- 
gium and  France  to  God  only  knows  where  and  to  what  end,  can  be 
brought  to  adequate  punishment,  then  there  is  still  some  justice  left 
in  this  warring  world  and  some  hope  for  poor,  struggling,  vexed,  and 
fearful  humanity.  Unless  Germany  is  conquered  and  humiliated,  un- 
less the  wrongs  of  Belgium  and  the  other  devastated  territories  are 
avenged,  we  and  the  millions  of  our  Allies  will  have  suffered,  fought,  and 
died  for  the  greatest  cause  the  world  has  ever  known — and  in  vain. 

From  the  welter  of  battle,  after  the  shouts  of  the  fighting  men  have 
died  away,  must  emerge  a  new  basis  of  society  and  a  set  of  new  ideals 
in  international  conduct.  And  it  is  up  to  all  of  us  to  see  to  it  that  this 
comes  about. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


162 


n 


163 


The  Giant's  Task 

"  T    SEE  you  can  hold  them  up,  but ■" 

I  The  whole  world  sees  that  Germany  can  hold  them  up.  Strength 
is  concentrated  first  on  one  side,  and  then  on  the  other,  and  at  the 
time  this  cartoon  .was  first  pubhshed  the  little  figure  sitting  up  on  the 
Western  side  watched,  unmoved  alike  by  German  promises  and  German 
threats'  It  watched  while  the  days  of  the  Marnc  went  by  and  proved 
that  German  efforts  in  the  West  would  be  confined  to  "holding  up" — 
that  the  capture  of  Paris  and  of  Calais  were  mere  dreams  that  must  pass 
unfulfilled.  It  watched  the  steady  thrusting  back  of  Russia,  the  ap- 
parent success  in  building  an  Eastern  defense  that  could  be  lield  up  in- 
definitely. Then  it  added  its  weight  to  the  Western  boulder,  and  the 
holding  up  process  went  on. 

Neither  boulder  has  yet  fallen;  the  strong  man  is  not  yet  exhausted, 

but  the  whole  world  knows  what  the  end  must  be.     Germany  could  not 

afford  a  mere  defensive  war — from  the  outset  she  knew  that  decision 

must  be  won  in  the  first  months,  and  that  the  alternati\e  to  this  was 

defeat.     This  grim  figure,  bent  on  "holding  up"  the  two  main  fronts, 

is  typical  of  Germany  to-day,  a  raging  barbarian,  wearying  under  the 

impossible  task.     For  such  a  task  there  was  needed  not  only  physical 

strength,   but  spiritual  strength,  ideals  as  well  as  machinery,  and  soul 

as  well  as  brain.     By  his  methods  of  war  this  soulless  barbarian  has  added 

to  the  weights  that  he  must  hold  up;  he  has  misinterpreted  the  meaning 

of  civilization,    misunderstood   the  aims   common  to   humanity  outside 

Germany.     The  weight  that  he  must  hold  up  and  away  is  not  merely 

that  of  Britain,  Russia,  France,  and  the  rest  of  the  Allies;  it  is  the  weight 

of  all  men  who  understand  freedom  rightly,  steadily  crushing  freedom's 

antithesis. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


164 


165 


"I  Must  Have  Something 
for  My  Trouble" 

YOU  shall,  Germany,  you  shall! 
You  shall   have  even   more  than  ever  you  expected — but   not 
after  the  manner  of  your  expectation. 

Even  the  burglar  who,  after  long  and  arduous  and  risky  training  in 
his  profession,  and  careful  plotting  and  planning,  and  detailed  hard 
work  with  jimmies  and  blowpipes  and  center-bits,  has  collared  the  swag 
and  been  caught  in  the  act,  does  not  whine  Hke  this.  If  he  is  a  wise  man 
he  surrenders  at  discretion,  puts  a  philosophic  face  on  it,  and  plans  more 
artistic  work  while  in  confmement.  If  he  is  a  hothead,  he  puts  up  a 
fight  and  gets  it  in  the  neck. 

But  he  never  whines  for  recompense  for  the  nefarious  trouble  he  has 
gone  to. 

Germany  has  not  yet  learned  her  lesson.  She  has  burglariously  and 
treacherously  broken  into  her  neighbors'  houses  and  seized  them  and 
their  contents. 

The  cost  to  herself,  in  life,  money — and,  more  than  all,  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  world  at  large — is  as  yet  hidden  from  her.  \\1ien  the  bill  is 
presented  and  her  bloodshot  eyes  are  opened  to  it,  it  \\\\\  astound  her. 

For — somehow  or  other — it  will  have  to  be  paid — to  the  last  farthing. 
And  while  she  is  in  confmement  for  her  diabolical  misdeeds,  the  world, 
it  is  to  be  fervently  hoped,  will  see  to  it  that  all  further  power  for  mis- 
chief will  be  taken  from  her  forever. 

This  burglar  has  intrenched  himself  among  his  plunder.  ■  He  would 
negotiate  with  the  besieging  police  to  be  allowed  to  keep  something  at 
all  events  for  all  his  trouble. 

He  shall.  He  shall  keep  what  he  has  earned — the  loathing  and  con- 
tempt of  every  honest  man  under  the  sun. 

JOHN  OXENHAM. 


166 


Tfc_L- lo oii  r^»"'">'^«'k*-' 


167 


"Cinema  Chocolate" 

IT  seems  to  be  the  irony  of  fate  that  Germany  possesses  everything 
good  in  an  inverted,  it  may  perhaps  be  said  a  "perverted,"  form. 
We  all  know  the  charms  of  the  "Chocolate  Soldier,"  who  originated, 
if  we  remember  rightly,  like  the  best  flavored  chocolate,  in  France. 

Here  we  have  a  "Chocolate  Soldier"  of  a  very  different  kind.  A 
young  ofTicer,  of  the  familiar  decadent  Lothario  type,  is  presenting  a 
handsome  stick  of  chocolate  to  a  little  Belgian  or  French  girl. 

At  the  side  is  an  old  man,  evidently  got  up  as  a  stage  property,  his 
face  exceedingly  cross  as  though  he  disliked  the  job,  but  his  attitude 
rather  ambiguous. 

In  the  distance  is  the  official  military  "filmer,"  smug  and  grinning, 
waiting  to  turn  the  handle  in  order  to  obtain  a  "moving"  picture  for 
the  German  "movies." 

Mr.  Raemaekers'  satire  is  most  strongly  displayed  in  the  child's  face 
and  clenched  fists,  fully  visible  to  the  spectator,  hi\\  which  will  not  appear 
in  the  film.  It  appears  also,  though  less  obviously,  in  the  cross  old 
gentleman  who  will  come  out  there  as  a  benevolent  pastor  blessing 
the  whole  proceeding. 

It  is  another  instance  of  the  systematic  deception  practised  on  the 
German  people  and  the  neutrals. 

Monsieur  Forain,  the  French  Raemaekers,  has  something  like  it  in 
his  " Haltez-la,  et  souriez."  It  is  not  quite  the  same,  but  suggests  that 
both  cartoons  are  based  on  fact,  as  doubtless  they  are. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


168 


r-" 


1 


^JL-bUi^^f^^^et^^aei^rjS -^. 


169 


The  Doctrine  of  Expediency 

AT  the  beginning  of  liis  reign  Ferdinand  was,  or  pretended  to  be, 
an  ardent  Russophile.  Then  something  happened  which  made 
him  think  that  he  had  been  backing  the  wrong  horse.  Perhaps 
it  was  the  result  of  the  Russo-Japanese  War;  perhaps  it  was  I^ecause  Httlc 
Prince  Boris  did  not  receive  the  usual  decoration  from  St.  Petersburg 
when  he  was  made  honorary  colonel  of  the  Russian  Regiment  of  Minsk. 
We  may  be  sure,  at  any  rate,  that  the  motive  was  not  affection  for  Ger- 
many or  the  German  Empire.  That  great  nation  has  not  the  gift  of 
inspiring  affection,  least  of  all  in  small  peoples  within  reach  of  her  claws. 

Ferdinand  was  bribed,  and  bribed  heavily,  we  may  be  certain;  and, 
like  the  rulers  of  other  Balkan  States,  he  and  his  advisers  thought  for 
a  time  that  the  Central  Powers  were  going  to  win.  He  thought  he 
saw  his  way  to  an  increase  of  territory  at  the  expense  of  Serbia,  perhaps 
also  of  Greece.  Some  say  that  he  dreamed  of  reigning  at  Constanti- 
nople. These  hopes  must  be  wearing  rather  thin  now.  The  time  has 
not  yet  come  for  turning  his  coat;  but  if,  or  when,  it  seems  to  him  safe 
and  expedient  to  leave  the  Kaiser  in  the  lurch,  he  will  do  it  without 
the  slightest  scruple. 

Meanwhile,  there  was  no  danger  in  making  the  Emperor  of  Austria 
his  confidant;  the  poor  old  gentleman,  if  he  understood  what  was  said 
to  him,  probably  thought  the  idea  a  very  sensible  one,  and  wished  heartily 
tliat  he  had  come  to  terms  with  Russia. 

W.  R.  INGE. 


170 


f^  ^ ..  »J^u— -^^  ■'        ^« 


171 


Murder  on  the  High  Seas 

GERMANY  stands  convicted  of  such  bestial  crinx'  upon  land  and 
sea  that  one  can  only  come  to  the  conclusion  her  oirence  results 
not  from  passing  aberration  or  the  ebriety  of  war,  Ijut  indicates  an 
infection  deep-seated  and  chronic.  Her  recent  Imperial  Government 
statistics  of  crime  before  the  war  indicated  very  surely  that  some  deep, 
moral  distemper  was  conquering  the  German  character  and  running 
like  a  plague  through  her  spiritual  and  sociological  life. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  pr<)l)lem  is  one  for  the  anthropologist  rather 
than  the  lawyer;  yet  even  if  the  Prussian  be  not  a  Teuton,  but  a  Tatar, 
his  indifference  to  every  human  instinct  would  still  remain  inexplicable. 
For  others  of  the  Tatar  stock  are  amenable  to  the  evolution  that  time 
brings,  and  now  pursue  the  business  of  war  under  modern  conditions 
that  embrace  respect  for  prisoners  and  wounded,  non-combatants,  women 
and  children. 

Among  the  numberless  instances  of  murder  and  piracy  on  the  high 
seas  space  permits  here  but  to  dwell  upon  one,  w  hich  has  by  no  means 
received  the  attention  it  deserves.  International  problems  involved  by 
the  destruction  of  American  citizens  have  tended  to  focus  public  opinion 
on  the  "Lusitania"  and  "Essex"  murders;  but  consider  again  a  crime 
in  the  Black  Sea  and  the  depraved  temper  it  implies. 

On  the  thirtieth  day  of  March,  while  lying  motionless  off  Cape 
Fathia,  the  Russian  hospital  ship  "Portugal"  was  destroyed  in  broad 
daylight  by  a  submarine,  despite  the  fact  that  she  bore  all  necessary 
marks  demanded  by  the  Geneva  Convention  and  Hague  Covenant. 

There  perished  fourteen  ladies  of  the  Red  Cross;  fifty  surgeons  and 
physicians;  many  male  and  female  nurses;  many  Russian  and  French 
sailors.  But  for  the  fact  that  a  Russian  destroyer  was  in  the  vicinity, 
the  fatalities  must  have  been  larger.  A  great  hospital  equipment  was 
also  lost  to  humanity. 

Well  might  the  Russian  Government  declare  this  outrage  a  flagrant 
infraction  of  the  rights  of  man  and  an  act  of  common  jjiracy,  while  ask- 
ing the  judgment  of  all  civilized  countries  on  such  barbarism. 

The  peojile  that  perpetrated  and  applauded  this  act  denies  civilization, 
and  one  may  fairly  argue  that  the  national  conscience,  not  only  of  her 
fighting  forces,  but  of  those  behind  them,  will  soon  reach  a  pitch  where 
disintegration  must  follow.  The  evolution  of  morals  alone  must  break 
them,  for  human  nature  cannot  suffer  this  reaction. 

Meantime  we  wait  in  vain  for  the  Allies'  Note  informing  Germany  of 
our  intention  with  respect  to  her  shipping.  Did  she  know  that  we  de- 
signed an  eye  for  an  eye,  a  ton  for  a  ton,  she  might  yet  hesitate  upon  a 
course  that  promised  to  deplete  her  merchant  marine  after  the  war 
in  the  ratio  of  her  destruction.  The  point  is  equally  vital  to  the  weak 
maritime  neutrals,  who  sec  their  merchant  fleets  dwindle  and  their  pro- 
tests ignored  by  a  nation  that  respects  nothing  on  earth  but  force. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


172 


i"-^ 


173 


Pounding  Austria 

'T  WONDER  how  long  my  dear  friend  and  ally  will   be  able  to  stand 
I  this?" 

So  "Wilhelm"  is  made  to  remark,  as  he  peers  over  from  behind  Ivis 
parapet,  safely  guarded  with  barbed  wire,  and  sees  the  aged  Francis 
Joseph  receiving  blow  after  blow,  on  the  one  side  from  the  Italians,  on 
the  other  Irom  the  Rumanians.  The  caricature,  it  must  be  admitted, 
is  not  quite  up-to-date  in  one  respect,  for  \\  ilhelm  has  certainly  done 
his  best,  and  so  far  only  too  successfully,  to  tear  oil"  the  smaller  of  these 
foes.  But  it  is  more  than  up-to-date  in  another,  for  the  ancient  "Dual 
Monarch"  has  already  succumbed  to  his  years  and  his  enemies.  And 
for  reasons  best  known  to  himself,  "Wilhelm"  has  run  away  from  his 
funeral,  and  thinks  he  will  consult  his  delicate  health  and  his  no  less 
delicate  dignity,  by  sending  the  Crown  Prince  instead,  that  young  man 
being  no  longer  wanted  imperatively  or  imperially  on  the  French  front. 
How  young  Wilhelm  will  get  on  with  young  Carl  remains  to  be  seen. 
The  experience  may  have  dangers  of  its  own.  Mr.  Raemaekcrs  might 
look  out  for  a  further  opportunity  in  this  new  situation. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


174 


_b?ys|-\cip,-„orii;^^,. 


175 


Durchhalten-'Hold  Out" 

THE  Roman  Emperor  Til:)C'riiis,  that  gloomy  tyrant,  is  said  to  have 
remarked  that  governing  the  Roman  jx'ople  was  like  holding  a 
wolf  by  the  ears.  Here  the  |)ositi()n  is  reversed.  The  patient, 
obedient,  and  raithfu!  German  people,  lor  sueh,  however  infatuated,  wc 
must  allow  it  has  been,  is  represented  as  by  r.o  means  like  a  wolf,  but 
more  like  the  traditional  opposite,  a  sheep.  But  e\en  the  sheep  may 
turn  if  driven  beyond  measure.  Meanwhile,  this  earieatiue  may  help  to 
bring  home  to  it  the  true  position. 

The  Kaiser,  stout,  with  all  his  heavy,  comfortable  clothes,  his  military 
cloak,  his  helmet,  and  boots  and  spurs,  one  of  which  he  digs  into  his 
beast  of  burden,  rides  comfortably  on  the  back  of  "German  Michael," 
the  common  soldier,  and  cheerfully  bids  him  "hold  out"  and  struggle 
up  the  toilsome  hill  of  victory,  with  its  shifting,  clogging  soil. 

The  desperate  agony  and  pain  of  the  poor  victim,  the  drops  of  sweat 
falling  from  his  brow,  his  eyes  starting  from  his  head,  are  well  depicted, 
and  also  the  complacency  of  the  emperor,  blended  with  senile  vanity 
and  self-glorification.  His  aspiration  not  long  ago  was  to  be  the  "Young 
Man  of  the  Sea."     Here  he  is  depicted  as  the  "Old  Man"  of  that  element. 

HERBERT  WARREN. 


176 


./  I 


The  Satyr  of  the  Sea 

IT  is  always  difTicuIt,  after  a  series  of  catastrophic  events,  to  go  back 
to  one's  mental  outlook  of  the  time   before  they  happened.     But   if 

the  civilized  world  could  recapture  its  pre-war  view,  I  believe  it  would 
realize  the  most  startHng  of  all  the  results  of  Armageddon  to  be  that  we 
now  take  Germany's  outrages  on  neutrals  for  granted.  At  first  the 
bulk  of  us  simply  could  not  beheve  the  tale  of  the  horrors  inflicted  on 
non-combatant  men,  women,  and  chikhcn  of  innocent  and  neutral  Bel- 
gium. But  Germany  had  at  any  rate  made  Belgium  a  belligerent,  before 
beginning  them.  Now  that  similar  horrors  should  fall  on  men,  women, 
and  children  of  Holland,  Denmark,  Sweden,  Norway,  and  America, 
surprises  no  more:  it  has  become  a  mere  matter  of  course. 

It  is  the  business  of  the  prophet,  the  seer,  and  the  poet  to  awaken  the 
world  when  it  is  worshipping  false  gods,  when  from  fear,  or  scli-interest, 
or  sheer  bewilderment,  it  fails  to  see  the  things  that  are  in  their  naked 
horror  and  their  awful  shame.  But  prophet,  seer,  and  poet  can  speak 
only  through  the  printed  word,  and  in  the  maze  and  mass  of  conllicting 
appeals  the  words  of  truth  are  lost  and  ineffective.  But  if  the  car  be 
deaf  and  the  mind  numb,  the  eyes  of  all  retain  their  childlike  curiosity. 
It  is  Raemaekers'  secret  that  he  can  present  his  own  clear  vision  of  the 
truth  in  figures  that  pierce  instantly  to  the  conscience  of  the  dullest. 
To  kill  a  child  at  all  for  a  political  purpose,  is  the  sin  of  Herod.  To  kill 
the  children  of  those  with  whom  you  have  no  nominal  quarrel,  stipulates 
just  that  negation  of  soul  which  we  call  beastly.  The  truth  about  Tir- 
pitz,  and  all  that  that  accursed  name  stands  for,  is  personified  in  the 
loathsome  Satyr  of  the  Sea  portrayed  in  this  cartoon. 

ARTHUR  POLLEN. 


178 


■^•^i 


V. 


^^^   . 

.'^.^:*     ^ 


c< 


/Ji^  yW////. 


--i*«^S 


179 


JVar  Council  with  Ferdinand 
and  Enver  Pasha 

RAEMAEKERS  is  not  merely  a  clever  draftsman  and  a  keen  obser- 
ver, but  also  a  deep  and  careful  student  of  modern  history  and 
diplomacy.  He  knows  the  by-paths,  the  coulisses,  and  the  intrigues 
of  the  diplomatic  world,  which  are  eternally  going  on  behind 
the  almost  impenetrable  curtain  with  which  the  chancelleries  of  Europe 
seek  to  veil  their  proceedings. 

Everyone  knows,  of  course,  that  it  was  not  merely  affection  or  esteem 
that  has  ranged  Ferdinand  of  Bulgaria  and  Enver  Pasha  upon  the  side 
of  the  Central  Empires.  In  the  case  of  the  first,  greed  had  not  a  little 
to  do  with  the  final  decision  to  which  he  came.  He  was  not  unwilling 
to  be  persuaded  by  the  blandishments  of  his  "dear  brother  the  Kaiser," 
always  provided  it  was  made  worth  his  while  at  the  time  as  well  as  in 
futuro.  In  the  case  of  the  second,  ambition  played  its  part,  backed  up 
by  years  of  "ground  baiting"  of  the  kind  in  which  German  diplomacy 
excels. 

It  has  been  left  to  the  pencil  of  this  great  artist  and  satirist  to  bring 
home  to  the  mind  of  the  man-in-the-street  a  knowledge  of  the  actual 
situation  that  has  been  created,  and  of  the  methods  by  which  it  was 
brought  about.  In  this  cartoon  we  have  the  Kaiser  in  shop-walker 
attitude,  an  oily  smile  upon  his  lips,  bending  forward  and  washing  his 
hands  with  invisible  soap,  while  he  exclaims,  "I  hope  you  have  been 
well  served  and  are  satisfied."  His  dupes  arc  shown  bound  hand  and 
foot,  with  an  expression  of  their  doubts  as  to  the  ultimate  genuineness 
and  benefit  of  the  bargain  which  they  have  struck  shown  upon  the  face 
of  the  one  and  the  back  of  the  other.  Bound  hand  and  fi)ot  they  stand 
in  the  presence  of  this  "artful  dodger"  among  crowned  heads,  and  in 
that  of  the  decrepit  Franz  Joseph,  in  whose  figure  the  artist  has  succeeded 
in  so  cleverly  conveying  an  idea  of  the  unstable  and  effete  nature  of  the 
Austro-Hungarian  Empire. 

The  "dear  friends  and  allies"  show  neither  the  feeling  of  comfort 
nor  confidence  about  which  their  imperial  taskmaster  speaks  and  in- 
quires so  glibly. 

Bound  thus  to  the  wheels  of  the  car  of  Germany's  destiny,  they  begin 
c\idently  to  question  the  wisdom  of  their  choice.  Already  Ferdinand's 
doubts  must  have  commenced  to  take  definite  shape,  for  the  luck  of 
"the  great  game"  has  begun  to  run  against  him  at  Monastir,  and  "crushed 
and  destroyed"  Serbia  is  once  more  in  fighting  trim  and  eager  to  expel 
the  invader. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


180 


— ^ 


L 


\0<  IS   |<^l>ff<0»(^f<-t    ___ 


181 


The  Burial  of  Private  Walker 

ON  September  9,  19 14,  Joseph  Walker  enlisted  for  the  duration 
of  the  war;  on  January  11,  1916,  the  sea  bore  his  dead  body  to 
the  dyke  at  West  Capelle.  Usually  a  body  washed  ashore  in 
this  neighborhood  is  buried  at  the  foot  of  the  dunes,  without  coffin, 
without  ceremony.  But  not  this  time.  This  afternoon,  at  i  p.m.,  while 
the  northwest  wind  whistled  over  Walcheren,  the  English  soldier  was 
buried  in  the  churchyard  of  West  Capelle.  Behind  the  walls  of  the 
tower  where  we  sought  protection  from  the  gale  the  burial  service  was 
read. 

First  the  vice-consul  in  the  name  of  England  spread  the  British  flag 
over  him  who  for  England  had  sacrificed  his  young  life.  Four  men  of 
West  Capelle  carried  the  cofiln  outside  and  placed  it  at  the  foot  of  the 
tower,  that  old  gray  giant,  which  has  witnessed  so  much  world's  woe, 
here  opposite  the  sea.  The  Reverend  Mr.  Eraser,  the  English  clergy- 
man at  Kortryk,  himself  an  exile,  said  we  \vere  gathered  to  pay  the 
last  homage  to  a  Briton  who  had  died  for  his  country.  It  was  a  simple, 
but  touching  ceremony. 

"Man  that  is  born  of  a  woman  hath  but  a  short  time  to  live.  .  .  . 
He  cometh  forth  like  a  flower  and  is  cut  down."  Thus  spoke  the  voice 
of  the  minister  and  the  wind  carried  his  words,  and  the  wind  played  with 
the  flag  of  England,  the  flag  that  flies  over  all  seas,  in  Flanders,  in  France, 
in  the  Balkans,  in  Egypt,  as  the  symbol  of  threatened  freedom — the 
flag  uhose  folds  here  covered  a  fallen  warrior.  Deeply  were  we  moved 
when  the  clergyman  in  his  prayer  asked  for  a  "message  of  comfort  to  his 
home." 

Who,  tell  me,  oh  silent  field, 

Who  lies  buried  here?     Here? 

Yes,  who  is  Walker,  No.  16092,  Private  Joseph  Walker,  Bedfordshire 
regiment?  Who,  in  loving  thoughts,  thinks  of  him  with  hope  even  now 
when  we,  strangers  to  them,  stand  near  to  him  in  death?  Where  is 
his  home?  We  know  it  not,  but  in  our  inmost  hearts  we  pray  for  a 
"message  of  comfort  and  consolation"  for  his  people. 

And  in  the  roaring  storm  we  went  our  way.  There  was  he  carried, 
the  soldier  come  to  rest,  and  the  flag  fluttered  in  the  wind  and  wrapped 
itself  round  that  son  of  England.  Then  the  cofiTm  sank  into  the  ground 
and  the  hearts  of  us,  the  departing  \\'itnesses,  were  sore.  Earth  fell  on 
it,  and  the  preacher  said:  "Earth  to  earth,  dust  to  dust." — From  the 
Amsterdam  "Telegraaf,"  January,  igi6. 


182 


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f'\ei'-><»<of*'< »■■•''  f 


183 


The  Supreme  Effort 

' ''    I   ""^HE   Religion  of  Valor" — that  new  creed  for  which  Germany  now 

I      claims  to  be  fighting — will  call  for  many  martyrs  behind  the  fight- 

X  ing  lines,  and  we  may  suppose  that  the  middle  classes  of  the 
fatherland  as  little  like  the  sacrifices  demanded  from  them  as  any 
other  members  of  the  community,  whose  savings  arc  the  result  of  their 
own  energy  and  enterprise.  That  Germany  is  subscribing  to  her  loans 
with  generosity  and  self-denial  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt;  but  since 
there  is  no  free  press,  the  nation  as  a  whole  remains  under  delusion  as  to 
the  value  of  its  securities.  The  dust,  however,  cannot  be  in  every  eye 
much  longer,  and  before  another  spring  is  spent,  Germanj^'s  people  will 
know  tha>t  she  is  powerless  to  keep  her  paper  promises. 

For  the  one  hope  that  a  victorious  trade  war  would  instantly  break 
out  upon  the  arrival  of  peace  is  destined  to  be  disappointed. 

As  Mr.  Kitson  recently  and  very  effectively  showed,  economic  power 
is  the  basis  of  political  power,  the  root  from  which  all  national  power, 
which  can  be  interpreted  into  force,  must  spring.  "Trade  warfare  is 
therefore  a  struggle  for  economic  power,  for  the  control  of  men  and  of 
all  factors  of  wealth  production." 

The  British  Empire  seems  to  be  grasping  this  fact  for  the  first  time 
in  her  national  history;  and  though  we  ha\e  far  to  go,  and  the  panacea 
of  free  trade  will  doubtless  be  vended  again  after  the  war — by  those 
who,  before  it,  knew  so  well  that  Germany  would  never  fight — a  growing 
conviction  is  none  the  less  apparent  that  only  by  a  direct  and  strenuous 
offensive  shall  wc  win  the  war  after  the  war. 

Let  us  banish  inter-tariffs,  as  Germany  did,  and  unite  the  nation  in  a 
closer  economic  understanding;  and  let  us  not  leave  our  frontiers  open 
to  the  legions  of  German  and  Austrian  bagmen,  who  only  await  peace 
to  swarm  over  them. 

It  depends  largely  upon  us  whether  the  gentleman  in  the  picture  will 
get  his  money  back. 

The  grand  total  of  the  fatherland's  indebtedness,  were  war  to  go  on 
until  last  April,  has  been  calculated  in  Germany  to  represent  £4,500,- 
000,000,  which  would  demand  in  annual  interest  a  sum  near  £800,000,000. 

One  does  not  desire  to  be  vindictive,  but  let  no  man  forget  the  bare- 
faced villainy  and  devilish  brutality  with  which  the  Central  Nations 
prosecuted  war.  It  is  not  for  us  to  forward  the  peaceful  penetration  of 
such  a  people  through  the  length  and  breadth  of  our  empire  if  we  desire 
to  preserve  that  empire  as  an  entity. 

Let  Germany  redeem  her  pledges  if  she  can;  it  will  be  no  part  of  our 
post-war  activities  to  assist  her  task. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


184 


^^;^uiiPi*T^'r  IT   f^a.-a^eftgj 


-    '      o ' " *T~^< I rn^Cf-U^f  1  -1 ,  _^. , 


185 


''^JVer  reitet  so  spat  durch  Nacht  und  fVitid? 
Dass  ist  der  Vater  mit  seinem  Kind''''   {Ermmg) 

NOT  only  the  father  and  his  sick  child  ride  storm-foundered  and  lost 
through  night,  with  the  phantom  king  steadily  gaining  upon 
both:  the  frantic,  over-driven  brute  they  ride  should  also  be 
conscious  of  approaching  doom.     But  is  it? 

We  may  take  their  steed  to  be  the  nation  of  the  royal  fugitives,  and 
wonder  when  Germany — a  kingdom  whose  native  quahties  had  won 
such  ample  recognition  among  her  elder  sisters  on  the  road  to  civihzation 
— will  awaken  into  consciousness  of  her  accursed  load  and  perceive  that 
the  HohenzoIIerns  ride  only  to  death.  They  started  on  their  gallop 
when  Bismarck  fell,  and  now  the  end  is  in  sight. 

Great  must  be  the  subjugation  before  a  practical  people  can  reach 
this  pass,  or  still  fail  to  perceive,  if  on  a  material  basis  only,  where  the 
legend  of  \\orId-power  and  world-trade  has  brought  them.  As  sleep- 
walkers they  pursued  their  dream  and  have  not  yet  awakened  to  see 
v/here  now  they  stand.  Still  they  believe  the  issue  undetermined; 
still  is  it  hidden  from  them  that  their  might  is  broken,  that  roughly 
half  their  foreign  trade,  which  lay  with  the  Allies,  has  vanished.  Only 
ignorance  and  the  tradition  of  servility  postpone  inevitable  revolution. 

Of  Germany's  evil-genius  and  arch-enemy,  now  far  advanced  on 
the  road  that  leads  to  his  destruction,  an  illuminating  picture  has  just 
been  flashed  to  us.  One  who  was  long  a  publicist  in  the  capitals  of 
Europe  has  spoken  of  "Things  I  remember,"  and  he  quotes  a  German 
author — a  woman — who  spoke  thus  of  the  "War  Lord"  before  the  war. 
None  is  a  more  shrewd  and  subtle  student  of  character  than  a  woman, 
when  she  holds  an  object  worthy  of  her  study. 

"  I  can  assure  you  that  he  extirpates,  as  of  fell  purpose,  every  inde- 
pendent character,  root  and  branch.  Think  of  the  number  of  poor 
devils  in  prison  for  the  crime  of  Use  majeste,  not  one  instance  of  which 
he  has  ever  pardoned;  while  there  is  not  a  case  of  a  man  having  killed 
his  opponent  in  a  duel,  however  disgraceful  might  have  been  its  cause, 
whom  he  has  not  pardoned,  or  at  least  remitted  the  sentence.  Never 
has  a  monarch  encouraged  Byzantine  servility  to  such  a  degree  as  this 
man.  No  sunbeam  but  it  must  radiate  from  him;  no  incense  but  it 
must  fill  his  nostrils." 

May  Germany  use  her  waking  hour  to  be  rid  forever  of  this  archaic 

incubus;  and  if,  at  the  end,  she  still  cries  for  the  domination  of  Prussia, 

then  it  is  to  be  hoped  that,  when  they  have  won  the  war,  the  Allies  will 

save  her  from  her  own  blindness  and  themselves  perform  the   act    of 

liberation. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 

186 


nl^  / 


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187 


The  Voices  of  the  Guns 

ONE  may  characterize  the  figures  in  this  cartoon  as  not  altogether 
imaginary.  In  the  villages  behind  the  lines  of  the  Sommc,  and 
in  the  tumbled  country  north  of  Verdun,  there  must  be  many 
such  little  homes  as  that  in  which  the  old  man  is  pictured,  homes  befouled 
and  desecrated  by  the  presence  of  these  hard-faced  men  w  ho  look  on  con- 
temptuously while  the  old  man  listens.  He  and  his  kind  know  the  voices 
of  the  guns,  for  they  have  heard  them  before.  What  memories  of  '70 
and  his  own  lighting  days  must  come  to  him  and  to  all  his  kind  as  they 
wait  the  coming  of  the  guns  that  shall  drive  out  this  scourge  of  France — 
this  vileness  that  for  nearly  half  a  century  has  poisoned  the  life  of  all 
Europe,  and  on  France  especially  has  set  an  abiding  mark?  What 
hopes  must  be  his  for  the  day  when  Prussianism  shall  be  no  more  than  a 
vague  name,  and  the  sons  of  those  sons  of  his  who  light  to-day  shall 
work  content  in  the  knowledge  that  their  fathers  ha\e  freed  them  from 
this  Damoclean  threat? 

How  these  people  in  the  conquered  territories  have  endured,  how  they 
have  waited  and  hoped,  even  when  there  seemed  no  ground  for  hope, 
in  the  darkest  of  the  days,  we  shall  perhaps  know  when  peace  comes 
again.  Yet  even  then  we  in  Britain  can  never  know  all,  for  there  is 
given  to  us  a  shield  that  France  has  never  known — our  shield,  and  in  a 
measure  our  danger.  For  no  man  in  Britain  sits  and  listens  for  the  guns 
that  shall  free  his  house  and  his  land,  and  in  that  fact  is  possible  lack  of 
comprehension  and  consequent  great  danger;  as  once  it  has  been,  so  it 
may  be  again. 

Yet  it  may  be  that,  when  the  stories  of  these  old  men  behind  the 
enemy  lines  are  told,  they  will  waken  the  whole  of  the  world,  not  only  to 
the  need  for  destruction  of  such  a  thing  as  the  militarism  of  Prussia,  but 
to  the  knowledge  that  only  the  strong  man  armed  may  keep  his  house. 
Had  all  realized  this  in  time 

Meanwhile,  as  this  third  year  of  the  war  ends,  the  guns  that  speak 

freedom  come  nearer. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN 


188 


189 


The  Death  's-Head  Hussar 

IN  Greek  mythology  Nemesis  personified  the  moral  law  which  chastises 
arrogance    and    wanton    excess    by    the   inexorable   consequences   of 

their  own  wrong-doing.     So  none  who  had  offended  could  escape  her. 

The  Death's-Head  Hussars  are  a  perfect  example  of  that  boastful 
pride  and  transgression  of  the  bounds  of  due  proportion  which  it  is  the 
function  of  Nemesis  to  punish.  By  their  name  and  their  device  they 
make  a  mock  of  the  most  solemn  tragedy — of  Death  itself.  Whether 
their  emblem  threatens  death  to  others  or  signifies  their  own  contempt 
for  death  it  is  a  wanton  and  arrogant  jest.  The  skull  and  cross-bones 
were  the  traditional  device  of  pirates,  and  it  well  became  those  grim 
outlaws  who  declared  a  ruthless  war  against  all  mankind.  There  was 
no  jest  about  it,  but  a  dreadful  seriousness,  and  their  proper  end  was 
the  yard-arm.  But  the  Death's-Head  Hussars  are  what  is  called  a 
"crack"  regiment,  one  officered  by  rich,  aristocratic,  and  elegant  young 
men,  who  have  not  set  themselves  against  the  world,  but  are  very  much 
of  it.  Nor  are  they  any  braver  or  more  formidable  than  other  regi- 
ments.    The  Death's-Head  business  is  a  silly  and  boastful  affectation. 

Here  is  the  just  sentence  of  chastising  Nemesis.  The  last  of  the  Death's- 
Head  Hussars,  its  imperial  colonel,  is  being  shot  over  the  head  of  his 
skeleton  charger  on  to  the  heaped  ranks  of  dead  soldiers  which  ring 
him  round.  He  has  his  fill  of  skulls  and  cross-bones  now.  The  Crown 
Prince  of  Germany  has  confessed  it  to  the  world. 

A.  SHADWELL. 


190 


_J •otii's  l~^i*'>'»tne/vr/-s.   


191 


The  "Franc-tireur"  Excuse 

IT  is  well  sometimes,  despite  all  that  has  happened  since,  to  turn  back 
to  Belgium  and  remember  the  rape,  rapine,  and  arson  of  1914.     There 

will  be  plenty  of  time  to  let  bygones  be  bygones  when  might  and 
right  are  found  on  the  same  side  and  Justice,  who  is  using  her  sword 
just  now,  resumes  her  impartial  scales;  but  until  the  Central  Nations 
experience  a  defeat  of  magnitude  sufficient  to  penetrate  to  the  hearts 
and  heads  of  their  people,  we  may  continue  to  keep  in  the  forefront  of 
our  minds  the  story  of  Belgium  under  Germany's  heel. 

That  tale  of  brutal  tyranny  is  not  even  yet  told,  for,  short  of  selling 
the  deported  Belgians  as  slaves,  Germany  would  seem  still  to  be  doing 
all  that  Hun  and  Vandal  ever  accomplished.  But  Raemaekcrs  gives  us 
a  glimpse  from  the  past,  when  conquest  was  still  in  progress  and  the 
German  obsession  of  Jranc-tireurs  reached  its  height.  How  far  they 
pretended  this  fear  to  excuse  their  own  murder  of  the  defenseless,  or 
how  far  they  really  felt  it,  matters  little;  for  it  has  been  shown  that  the 
cry  was  deliberately  excited — by  fabrication  and  circulation  through 
Germany  of  countless  "fearful"  falsehoods.  Soldiery  about  to  pass 
from  the  Fatherland  to  Belgium  were  inflamed,  as  with  drink,  by  lies 
of  the  horrible  treatment  they  must  expect  and  endure  from  civil  popu- 
lations and  non-combatants.  They  were  warned  by  calculated  propa- 
ganda at  home  that  their  eyes  would  be  gouged  out,  their  legs  sawn  off, 
their  wounded  men  murdered,  with  fiendish  details  of  sullering  by  the 
Belgians. 

German  valets  of  the  type  of  Houston  Chamberlain  and  Sven  Hcdin 
spread  these  stories;  Pastor  Conrad  wrote  a  little  book  and  sold  it  to 
the  school  children  that  they,  too,  might  read  about  their  fathers'  gouged- 
out  eyes  in  Belgium. 

The  result  was  certain  when  German  soldiers  found  themselves  with 
a  free  hand  among  unarmed  women  and  their  little  ones;  for  Germany 
in  Belgium  and  Poland,  and  Austria  in  Serbia,  have  not  been  content  to 
destroy  the  manhood  of  w^eak  nations:  they  have  striven  to  stamp  out 
their  virginity  and  their  childhood  also. 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


192 


>. 


193 


The  Entry  Into  Constantinople 

NOWHERE  has  the  caricaturist  proved  more  effectively  his  com- 
mand of  caustic  satire. 
It  is  characteristic  of  the  Kaiser  and  his  family  to  claim  Chris- 
tian sanction  for  all  his  sinister  schemes. 

None  of  the  many  goals  which  the  Kaiser  confidently  set  out  to  win 
in  this  war  has  he  as  yet  secured.  The  triumphal  progress  through  the 
capital  city  of  Constantinople  loomed  large  in  his  early  programme. 
His  vaulting  ambition  still  seeks  the  hegemony  of  the  Mahomcdan 
world  no  less  than  of  the  Christian  world. 

The  Kaiser  habitually  appeals  to  religious  authority.  He  garbles 
Scripture  to  serve  his  turn.  Nothing  that  the  world  regards  as  sacred 
is  safe  from  his  profanation.  His  miscalculations  are  so  colossal,  his 
hopes  are  so  tangled,  that  the  blasphemous  dream  which  the  artist  de- 
picts may  well  have  visited  the  imperial  couch.  The  pious  Alahom- 
edan  might  possibly  find  some  specious  compensation  for  submission 
to  the  Prussian  yoke  were  the  Kaiser  to  enter  the  Turkish  capital  at 
the  head  of  his  barbarian  hordes  Haunting  in  triumph  the  banner  of 
the  crescent,  while  Christ  rode  on  an  ass  at  the  imperial  side,  in  bonds 
and  wearing  the  crown  of  thorns.  It  is  a  revolting  piece  of  pictorial 
imagery,  but  it  is  a  legitimate  interpretation  of  the  imperial  megalo- 
mania, which  enlists  blasphemy  in  the  service  of  the  imperial  propa- 
ganda. 

SIDNEY  LEE. 


194 


195 


Come  Away,  My  Dear! 

ONL\'  historic  interest  now  attaches  to  the  activities  of  German 
diplomacy  which  sought,  l)y  misiilaced  llattery,  to  prevent  Italy 
from  joining  the  Powers  of  the  Entente  in  the  Croat  War.  Prince 
von  Billow  for  many  months  employed  all  his  wiles  to  distract  Italy  from 
the  pursuit  of  a  hostile  policy.  He  had  some  good  cards  in  his  hand, 
and,  after  the  manner  of  all  German  diplomatists,  he  overestimated 
their  strength,  while  he  underrated  the  skill  and  enthusiasm  of  the  players 
against  him.  The  inlluences  of  German  (inance  worked  on  his  side, 
I)ut  characteristically  he  ignored  the  spiritual  forces  of  the  Italian  na- 
tional sentiment,  on  which  bribes  and  blandishments  could  make  no 
impression.  Italy's  traditional  hatred  of  Austria  was  only  speciously 
held  in  check  by  the  conventions  of  the  old  Triple  Alliance.  The  perils 
which  Austria  invited  by  engaging  in  the  present  war  were  bound  to 
set  ancient  memories  fully  ailame.  It  is  a  mangled  unity  of  which  Italy 
can  boast  so  long  as  the  Italian  peoples  of  the  Trentino  and  Dalmatia 
live  under  Austrian  sway. 

The  cry  of  the  Trentino  for  release  from  a  foreign  servitude  overcame 
all  those  predilections  for  peace,  which  some  material  considerations 
fostered  in  Italy  in  the  early  stages  of  the  war.  Von  Biilow  undertook 
a  thankless  task  when  he  sought  by  pretty  speeches  to  deafen  Italian 
ears  to  the  piercing  appeals  of  Italy's  compatriots  under  alien  sway. 
He  may  cherish  the  delusion  that  he  scored  a  minor  success  by  post- 
poning for  a  season  Italy's  declaration  of  war  on  Germany.  For  a 
short  while  Italy  was  content  with  her  defiance  of  Austria  alone,  but 
even  this  small  triumph  on  the  prince's  part  proved  a  phantasm.  To- 
day all  the  prince's  diplomatic  adventures  are  seen  to  be  empty  mock- 
eries and  snares. 

SIDNEY  LEE. 


196 


v\    ■•- 


'2-1  o  u  I  *  l~^i  nvn^  \^c  r  s ' 


197 


The  "Harmless  "  German 

WE  may  pause  to  wonder  whether  Germany  ever  considers 
her  relations  with  the  weak  neutral  nations  after  the  war. 
In  the  case  of  America,  she  preserves  some  show  of  explicit 
courtesy,  while  performing  actions  of  implicit  insult.  Where  it  matters 
not,  she  conforms;  where  it  does  matter,  she  ignores;  but  she  has  no 
desire  to  quarrel  openly  with  the  United  States  and  has  long  since  found 
that  she  can  do  pretty  much  what  she  pleased  without  risking 
more  than  verbal  remonstrances.  In  the  case  of  Norway  and  Sweden, 
Denmark  and  Holland,  she  is  not  even  at  the  pains  to  be  civil;  but  treats 
them  with  her  usual  indifference  to  all  things  physically  weak.  Some- 
times she  will  add  insult  to  injury,  as  in  the  case  of  this  cartoon,  and 
needlessly  pretend  an  innocence  that  would  not  deceive  a  child;  more 
often,  as  in  her  pirate  procedure  against  Holland,  she  cares  nothing 
what  the  weak  may  have  to  say  while  her  own  strength  is  paramount. 

But  the  war  will  end  and  what  sort  of  relations  will  these  insulted  and 
outraged  kingdoms  seek  with  Germany  when  the  bully  is  beaten?  One 
might  ask  them  another  question.  Is  it  beyond  the  power  of  the  North- 
ern neutrals  to  assume  a  more  hortatory  tone  and  courageous  attitude? 
Might  they  not  sensibly  forward  all  rational  hopes  of  civilization  by 
taking  a  stronger  line  with  the  enemy  of  Europe?  Whining  and  grum- 
bling serve  no  good  purpose;  but  a  somewhat  stronger  and  cleaner-cut 
expression  of  opinion  before  the  insulting  scorn  poured  upon  their  pro- 
tests would  increase  general  respect  for  Holland  and  the  rest. 

Why  are  they  so  frightened?  Is  it  from  force  of  habit?  They  might 
surely  begin  to  perceive  with  sufficient  distinctness  that  the  Power 
that  sank  the  "Tubantia"  and"Blomnicrsdijk"  is  on  the  w-ay  herself  to 
be  sunk.     Why  then  this  abject  attitude?     It  is  easy  to  guess. 

Meantime  Holland's  recent  protest  to  America  was  hardly  w'orth 
making.  She  may  well  ask  what  would  have  happened  had  the  sinkings 
off  Newport,  on  the  American  coast,  occurred  otf  Ymuiden,  on  her  own. 
But  she  will  receive  no  satisfactory  reply  to  that  question.  Nor  docs 
it  help  civilization  to  hear  Holland  say,  "Submarine  warfare  cannot  go 
on  any  longer."  Germany  laughs.  She  knows  how  much  of  her  gold 
has  crossed  into  Holland  of  late,  and  that  our  Dutch  friends  doubtless 
have  more  to  gain   in  wealth   than   lose   in    honor  b\-  "taking  it  lying 

down." 

EDEN  PHILLPOTTS. 


198 


199 


The  Propagandist  in  Holland 

RAEMAEKERS  is  never  more  punpcnt  in  his  satire  than  when  he  deals 
with  the  ellorts  of  Germany  to  penetrate  the  eonscience  and  persuade 
the  will  of  Holland.  In  the  cartoon  opposite  we  see  the  typical 
German  propagandist — half-professor,  half-merchant,  and  wholly 
the  servile  ambassador  of  his  Government — exhibiting  to  the  equally 
typical  Dutch  peasant  the  recommendations  and  persuasions  of  Ger- 
many. These  are  printed  in  Dutch  for  his  behoof,  and  they  declare  that 
it  can  be  proved  by  the  testimony  of  the  Ninety-Three  Intellectuals  that 
all  men  who  are  not  enthusiastic  about  German  Kultur  and  all  who  are 
rash  enough  to  accuse  German  statesmen  of  breaking  their  word  or 
behaving  like  barbarians  arc  worthless  persons  of  no  character.  He 
tells  the  Dutchman  that  "We  Germans  are  fighting  for  the  liberty  of  the 
sea,  guaranteed  as  Prussian."  Another  belt  of  propaganda  offers  ad- 
vice gratis  to  smugglers,  and  urges  tlie  Dutch,  in  exchange  for  aniline 
dyes,  to  supply  the  German  Government  with  tin,  oil,  fat,  leather,  india- 
rubber,  and  other  such  "peaceful"  articles.  The  lowest  line  assures 
the  Dutchman  that  the  book  called  "J'Accuse" — which  is  phonetically 
spelt  "Sjakkuus"  that  the  Dutchman  may  have  no  doubt  about  it — 
is  a  vulgar  production.  The  "Toekomst" — a  virulently  pro-German 
newspaper,  subventioned  from  Berlin — is  a  genuine  expression  of  Dutch 
feeling. 

Thus  the  fat  missionary  in  spectacles  volubly  attempts  to  seduce  the 
grave  and  rather  sardonic  Dutch  peasant,  whose  face  is  a  triumjih  of 
non-committal.  He  holds  him  long  in  conversation,  while  from  behind 
steal  up  the  German  soldiers  and  sailors  waiting  for  the  attention  of  the 
peasant  to  be  wholly  absorbed  in  the  propaganda,  suddenly  to  capture 
and  to  bind  him,  beyond  all  power  of  self-release.  Here  the  satire  of 
Raemackcrs  is  directed  against  the  intrigues  of  German  diplomacy 
at  The  Hague,  and  the  rumors  which  ha\c  of  late  been  rife  concerning 
a  party  of  politicians  in  the  Dutch  State  who  have  been  persuaded  into 
recommending  a  studied  neutrality  now,  indeed,  but  a  secret  agreement 
with  Germany  that  shall  not  come  into  force  until  after  the  declaration 
of  peace.  The  draftsman  warns  his  countrymen  that  they  are  not, 
in  their  simplicity,  capable  of  holding  their  own  against  a  combihation 
of  Teutonic  violence  and  Teutonic  guile.  It  may  be  that  these  Dutch 
disciples  of  Wilhelmstrasse  have  not  the  naivete  which  Raemaekers 
sees  proper  to  attribute  to  them.  Their  attitude  has  something  more 
ignoble  than  simple,  and  they  remind  us  not  a  little  of  the  partieularists 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  whose  selfish  and  senseless  anti-Orange 
policy  left  the  Dutch  without  a  friend  in  Europe.  But  we  can  confidently 
believe  that  general  public  opinion  in  Holland  to-daj'  will  be  too  whole- 
some and  too  intelligent  to  pursue  the  suicidal  path  which  the  "Toe- 
komst" and  its  German  inspirers  indicate. 

EDMUND  GOSSE. 


200 


^f^eKULTUR      eenn... 


'S- 


p/&r6mr        J  soon  .s 
■of     plERE^JGeeNKLET5K0U3(3 

o^J/ne  T0fKori5T  ffNrcHT 


V.llrn'i'''i 


'nATIS  i 


201 


Tetanus 


HERE  Raemaekers  draws  aside  from  his  fierce  mood  of  indictment 
of  tlie  aggressor  and,  touched  with  a  neutral's  pity,  tries  to  express 
something  of  the  agony  that  comes  impartially  to  those  who  fight 
for  and  those  who  fight  against  the  right.  The  candid  critic  must  confess 
that  this  mood  has  not  the  interest  of  his  satire  and  invective.  But 
it  is  natural  for  the  imaginative  artist  to  be  deeply  moved  by  these, 
as  it  were,  impartial  horrors  and  good  for  us  stay-at-homes  to  be  helped 
to  realize  them. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  war,  waged  as  it  was  over  the  most  intensively 
cultivated  soil  in  Europe,  the  mortality  from  this  dread  horror,  Tetanus, 
was  very  great.  The  skill  of  the  bacteriologist  and  the  surgeon  has  in- 
definitely reduced  the  mortality.  And  perhaps  those  of  us  who  are 
bowed  down  by  the  thought  of  all  the  needless  pain  and  incalculable 
waste  may  take  a  crumb  of  comfort  from  the  thought  that  out  of  all 
the  suffering  and  death  grow  knowledge  and  skill  that  will  relieve  suffer- 
ing and  prevent  death  in  the  future.  So  the  eternal  courage  and  re- 
sourcefulness of  man  always  recapture  the  citadel  he  seems  to  have 
lost  in  the  first  onset. 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


202 


>:i«^ 


at 


^j 


^"^ 


■m 

*-. 

} 

i 

M 

203 


Shakspere  's  Tercentenary 

FOLLOWING  out  this  truly  Teutonic  line  of  reasoning,  there  is  no 
reason  why  Beethoven  should  not  be  claimed  as  English,  and  surely 
Christopher  Columbus  was  Russian — or  French,  or  Norwegian. 
A  sense  of  humor  would  have  saved  Germany  from  this  absurdity  of 
claiming  the  whole  world's  genius  as  her  own,  but  that  sense  is  the  one 
thing  that  Germany  lacks  above  all  others,  and  from  the  deficiency  has 
arisen  this  war  and  all  its  evils. 

For  a  sense  of  humor — or  a  sense  of  proportion,  which  is  precisely 
the  same  thing — would  have  given  Germany  to  understand  that  in 
these  days  no  nation  may  aspire  to  domination  over  other  and  different 
races;  it  would  have  given  her  to  understand  that  there  are  other  forms 
of  culture  besides  her  own  Kultur,  which,  after  all,  is  merely  order  and 
discipline,  and  not  a  finer  perception  or  a  greater  development  of  in- 
tellect; it  would  have  given  her  to  understand  that  which  the  world's 
history  has  failed  to  teach  her,  that  aggression  does  not  pay,  and  that 
essays  in  tyrannic  dominance  inevitably  fail. 

Raemaekers'  satire  is  unerring,  for  though  no  German  has  yet  stated 
that  Shakspere's  plays  are  based  on  the  work  of  a  poet  who  lived  two 
centuries  later,  yet  the  professors  and  pedants  of  Kultur  have  attempted 
equal  absurdities,  even  to  showing  Germany  as  a  country  of  simple, 
kindly  people,  who  abhor  a  war  that  has  been  forced  on  them.  One  is 
tempted  to  quote  from  the  world-poet  who,  in  this  cartoon,  faces  his 
antithesis  with  such  an  air  of  gentle  incredulity,  but  the  temptation,  if 
yielded  to,  would  lead  too  far. 

Germany    has    not    only    claimed    Shakspere,    but    she    has    claimed 

control  of  all  the  Western  world;  one  claim  is  as  likely  to  be  conceded 

as  the  other. 

E.  CHARLES  VIVIAN. 


204 


*     [""C^iprviQ^I-^ri.^ 


205 


Nobody  Sees  Me 

THE  Huns  have  hugged  this  conviction  to  their  obscene  souls. 
And  it  is  not  the  least  of  a  series  of  preposterous  and  ridiculous 
bhmders.  Throwing  as  rubbish  to  the  void  the  Tables  of  the  Law, 
they  have  cherished  what  they  bcheve  to  be  the  last  and  greatest  com- 
mandment: Tbou  shah  not  be  Jound  out. 

And  "found  out"  they  have  been! 

For  the  moment  this  fact  does  not  oppress  them  too  seriously.  Indeed, 
to  the  commander  of  the  submarine  who  sank  the  Lusitania  the  Iron 
Cross  has  been  awarded.  We  wonder  whether  he  will  wear  it,  if  he  hap- 
pens to  find  himself  after  the  war  at  some  great  function  in  any  neutral 
country  ? 

To  the  psychologist  this  Hun  attribute,  shared  with  the  ostrich,  of 
hiding  his  head  and  believing  that  the  rest  of  his  person  is  unseen,  pro- 
vokes some  interesting  hypotheses.  Inter  alia,  it  serves  to  remind 
us  that  birds,  however  big,  stand  next  to  reptiles  in  the  scale  of  creation. 
Hun  methods  are  distinctively  reptilian.  The  Hun,  when  fully  gorged, 
becomes  lethargic  and  stupid.  In  this  cartoon,  the  Hun  Eagle,  appro- 
priately emblazoned  upon  that  portion  of  the  Hun  bodj'  of  which  wc 
may  confidently  hope  to  see  more  and  more  in  the  near  future,  reminds 
me  of  that  loathsome  beast— the  Turkey  Buzzard.  In  California, 
where  I  first  made  his  acquaintance,  this  horrible  vulture  would  have 
been  exterminated  long  ago  had  he  not  been  protected  by  the  law,  which 
recognized  his  peculiar  usefulness  as  a  scavenger.  Hungry,  these  buz- 
zards are  almost  unapproachable;  after  a  carrion  meal  a  child  can  de- 
spatch them  with  a  stone. 

May  we  not  assume  that  the  Huns,  however  clever  and  cunning  when 
hungry,  become  as  boas  and  buzzards  after  a  surfeit?  To-day  they 
are  boasting  of  what  they  have  absorbed  on  the  map  of  Europe.  Do 
they  realize  yet  the  dead  weight  of  these  temporary  conquests?  Ger- 
mania,  like  some  monstrous  viper,  has  swallowed  her  own  young.  Un- 
like the  viper,  she  cannot  disgorge  them  alive. 

Such  reilections  are  not  intended  to  minimize  the  task  that  still  con- 
fronts the  Allies.  But  what  the  Hun  has  done  by  land  and  air  and  sea 
will  be  the  measure  of  his  undoing. 

Nobody  sees  me  and  I  caii  always  deny  it. 

Everybody  sees  him;  and  if  his  acts  are  enough  to  make  angels  weep, 
his  denials  of  them  move  the  world  to  inextinguishable  laughter. 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


206 


i-L 


207 


The  Orient  Express 

ONE  of  the  objectives  of  the  present  war  was  to  secure  Germany's 
command  of  the  Near  East.  A  railway  from  Berlin  to  Bagdad 
had  long  been  treated  as  a  primary  article  in  that  creed  of  Ger- 
man Welt-politik  which  the  war  was  to  make  prevail.  For  a  time  the 
plan  promised  excellently.  The  Turkish  alliance  with  the  Central  Em- 
pires seemed  to  bring  Asia  Minor  securely  under  German  sway.  The 
railway  route  was  saved. 

The  Kaiser  and  his  advisers  prematurely  regarded  Russia  as  an  ex- 
tinct volcano,  which  was  incapable  of  thwarting  their  Oriental  polic3^ 
Disillusionment  came  quickly.  The  German  tourist  who  foresaw  an 
unmipeded  road  through  Prussia  to  Persia  was  suddenly  confronted  with 
an  impassable  barrier.  The  Russian  Army  of  the  Caucasus  swept 
through  Armenia  and  occupied  the  Turkish  citadel  of  Erzerum,  which 
commanded  the  line  of  travel  at  its  most  critical  point.  Small  arc  the 
chances  of  retrieving  the  lost  foothold.  The  whole  design  is  doomed 
beyond  recall. 

It  is  the  habit  of  our  arch-foe  to  count  his  chickens  before  they  are 

hatched. 

SIDNEY  LEE. 


208 


W«^'e' -    !'^:J/^'Vor©no^' 


/ 


L.,.ii>j-S  iS.oeir<t«r«^'"^.-. — 


209 


The  Bloomersdijk 

IN  this  cartoon  the  artist  symbolizes  with  drastic  irony  the  powerless- 
ness  of  Holland  to  claim  respect  for  her  rights  or   to   maintain   her 

national  prestige.  If  the  fair  Dutch  Hag  stands  in  the  way  of  the 
Teutonic  bully,  he  just  tears  it  down  and  tramples  it  underfoot.  In  the 
view  of  Germany  the  time  is  long  past  when  a  little  community  of  human 
beings  could  sustain  independent  existence  if  its  policy  interfered  in  the 
smallest  degree  with  the  convenience  of  the  great  German  tyranny. 
This  is  at  once  the  humiliation  of  countries  like  Holland,  and  their  claim 
on  the  active  sympathy  of  the  Allies.  What  can  the  nice  little  boy  in 
the  picture  do  to  protect  himself  against  the  fists  and  the  boots  of  the 
huge  man  in  a  Prussian  helmet?  Manifestly,  nothing!  His  only  chance 
is  that  his  big  brethren  may  succeed  in  thrashing  the  sellish,  powerful 
brute  as  he  deserves. 

The  attitude  of  Germany  toward  the  little  sovereign  states  of  Europe 
was  laid  down  two  years  ago,  with  ineffable  assurance,  by  Herr  von 
Jligow.  He  said:  "In  the  transformation  of  Europe  to  the  profit  of 
the  Teutonic  Powers,  the  little  surrounding  States  must  no  longer  pre- 
sume to  lead  the  independent  existence  which  at  present  feeds  their 
vanity.  They  are  all  destined  to  disappear  in  the  orbit  of  the  German 
Empire."  In  other  words,  as  the  rest  of  Germany  has  been  subjugated 
by  Prussia,  so  Belgium,  Holland,  Denmark,  Montenegro,  and  Serbia 
must  make  up  their  minds  to  be  melted  into  the  Central  Empire  of 
Kultur.  Not  one  of  them  is  rich  enough  to  maintain  its  existence.  In 
the  meantime,  if  Prussia  finds  it  convenient  to  sink  a  Bloomersdijk,  so 
much  the  worse  for  Holland,  who  would  do  well  to  swallow  the  injury 
in  silence.  And  all  that  the  civilized  and  cultured  little  countries  can 
do  is,  through  the  tears  of  their  exasperation,  to  cry  aloud  to  God,  "How 
long,  O  Lord,   how  long?" 

EDMUND    GOSSE. 


210 


t.  JouiS  KapflKfii-l^rre, 


211 


The  "U"  Boats  ojf  the 
American  Coast 

THERE  is  a  grim  persistency  with  which  Raemaekers  pursues  the 
power  which,  in  the  first  terrible  weeks  of  the  war,  he  recognized 
as  the  enemy  of  European  civihzation.  Time  has  not  lessened 
the  intensity  of  that  vision,  which  came  to  him — a  neutral — with  no  pre- 
possessions in  favor  of  Enghmd  and  her  allies,  and  which  is,  indeed,  the 
whole  significance  of  the  fine  work  he  has  done  for  our  cause  throughout 
the  world.  Less  steadfast  folk  of  our  own  blood  begin  to  wonder  if, 
after  all,  it  be  ciuite  worth  while,  seeing  that  the  burglar  is  so  strong,  to 
go  on  with  our  opposition  to  him;  and  whether  it  would  not  be  better 
to  hand  our  valuables — freedom,  mercy,  and  other  trilling  gewgaws — 
into  his  safe  keeping. 

Raemaekers  sees  in  this  relatively  mild  adventure  of  German  fright- 
fulness,  the  torpedoing  of  unarmed  ships  in  the  American  zone  under 
cover  of  American  warships  which,  by  saving  the  jettisoned  crews,  were 
able  to  keep  the  pirate  within  the  letter  of  his  pledge — he  sees  this  as 
what  it  is,  an  act  of  intolerable  brigandage  and  insolence.  The  in- 
solence, indeed,  is  so  colossal  as  to  be  almost  admirable.  Odicers  of 
the  fleet  do  not  talk  for  publication;  but  it  would  be  illuminating  to 
hear  the  comments  of  the  American  naval  messes  on  the  retriever  work 
to  which  they  were  set  by  our  friend  the  enemy. 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


212 


213 


To  the  Peace  Woman 

THE  cartoonist  has  devoted  several  of  his  drawings  to  the  work 
of  exhibiting  to  the  world  at  large  and  the  pacifist  in  particular 
the  egregious  folly  of  "peace  talk"  and  "gentleness  toward  the 
Huns"  while  a  world  war  is  being  waged,  and  as  yet  all  the  ideals  for 
which  we  are  fighting  in  company  with  our  Allies  hang  in  the  balance. 
How  necessary  such  cartoons  really  are  is  shown  by  the  mere  fact 
that  there  can  be  found  men  and  women  w  ho  arc  anxious  on  every  pos- 
sible occasion  to  "mouth  wordy  platitudes  concerning  peace,"  and 
even  to  sacrifice  to  the  Moloch  of  Prussianism  the  ideals  and  the  amen- 
ities of  national  conduct  upon  which  the  basis  of  happiness  and  peace 
in  reality  rests. 

The  old  legend  of  St.  George  and  the  Dragon  has  been  skilfully  and 
efTectively  adapted  by  Raemaekers  to  the  purposes  of  the  lesson  he 
would  teach.  The  peace  woman  is  shown  on  her  knees  before  the  dragon 
of  Prussianism,  not  in  terror  at  the  fate  which  is  impending  for  her, 
but  obsessed  by  the  idea  that  the  dragon  is  not  so  bad  as  it  has  been  painted 
and  that  it  may  be  wicked  to  kill  dragons.  I  confess  that  I  have  not 
been  able  to  penetrate  the  labyrinth  of  distorted  ideas  \\hich  has  pro- 
duced the  attitude  of  mind  toward  the  Hun  adopted  by  the  pacifist, 
male  and  female.  But  the  most  charitable  among  us  may  be  forgiven, 
perhaps,  if  we  assume  that  this  state  of  mind  has  been  brought  about 
by  a  wrong-headed  conception  of  the  facts  and  the  Hun  himself,  rather 
than  by  any  original  liking  for  bloody  deeds  of  rapine,  the  slaughter  of 
innocents,  and  wholesale  and  wanton  destruction  of  beautiful,  holy,  and 
gracious  things. 

There  are  many  who  believe  that  the  peace  woman,  who  will  be  more 
and  more  evident  as  the  war  drags  along,  is  no  imagined  menace.  It 
is  well  therefore  that  this  cartoon  should  have  been  drawn  and  published 
and  that  its  message,  "to  save  the  peace  women  despite  themselves," 
should  be  driven  home. 

The  spirit  of  St.  George  of  England  and  of  the  saints  of  God,  who 
fought  tyrants  and  died  in  past  ages  that  the  fragrant  and  essential 
truths  should  live,  is  not  dead,  and  while  this  can  be  said  there  is  hope 
for  the  world,  for  surely  God  Who  had  these  in  His  keeping  is  yet  in 
His  heaven. 

CLIVE  HOLLAND. 


214 


215 


The  Wolf  Bleats 

THIS  ranks  as  one  of  Raemaekers'  happiest  cartoons.     That  wolf's 
mask  is  a  clever  travesty  of  the  "AII-Highest's"  best  studio  face. 
Better    still    is    the    quip,    "  'Tis   time  all  this   bloodshed  should 
cease,"  as  a  summary  of  all  the  peace  suggestions  which  with  discreet 
persistence  have  been  floated  out  from  Berlin  since  the  great  game,  as 
envisaged  by  the  challengers,  was  seen  to  be  up. 

It  would  not  readily  occur  to  the  German  mind  that  the  time  when  the 
shepherds  were  just  coming  over  the  hill  with  axe,  bill,  and  bludgeon 
was  the  most  appropriate  time  for  the  wolf  to  suggest  that  nothing 
should  be  said  of  the  unfortunate  mistakes  of  the  past. 

"See!"  quoth  the  wolf,  "there  are  already  three  corpses.  Is  that 
not  enough  to  satisfy  the  most  bloodthirsty?  Why  drag  in  a  fourth? 
Surely  even  you  who  have  not  our  advantages  can  see  so  plain  an  argu- 
ment?" The  answer  is  in  the  negative.  But  let  no  one  ever  again 
accuse  the  Teuton  of  not  being  a  humorist. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  it  is  a  bonneted  Highlander  that  here  wields 
the  British  club.  Compensation  at  last  to  the  sensitive  Scot  who  so 
desperately  hates  being  lumped  in  with  the  English! 

JOSEPH  THORP. 


216 


2i; 


Strict  Neutrality 


1 


THE  historian  of  the  luturc  will  attc-nij^t,  probably,  to  deal  ade- 
quately with  the  complex  questions  which  inform  every  line 
of  this  cartoon.  It  is,  indeed,  a  passionate  note  of  interrogation. 
In  a  stupendous  fight  upon  the  clearly  defined  issues  of  Right  and  Might, 
how  comes  it  to  pass  that  any  self-respecting  nation  remains  neutral? 
Why,  for  example,  did  not  Uncle  Sam  sever  diplomatic  relations  with 
the  Huns  the  very  moment  that  Belgium  was  invaded  and  outraged? 

Americans,  true  citizens  of  the  Land  of  the  Free  and  the  Home  of 
the  Brave,  have  raised  this  cjuestion  already  and  some  have  answered 
it.  Other  Americans  have  answered  them  cleverly  and  speciously. 
Time  alone  will  decide  upon  the  merits  and  demerits  of  all  and  sundry. 
We  owe  much  to  the  States  euphemistically  styled  "United."  They 
have  supplied  us  in  our  hour  of  sorest  need  with  a  never-ceasing  stream 
of  munitions  percolating  everywhere;  they  have  sent  us  money,  sym- 
pathy, and  advice.  But  the  fact  remains — Uncle  Sam  was  too  proud 
to  fight!  And  yet,  each  day  it  is  becoming  more  and  more  certain  that 
every  stout  blow  struck  by  the  Allies,  every  gallant  life  that  is  sacrificed, 
is  a  contribution  to  the  cause  of  Civilization  and  Christianity.  We 
are  fighting  desperately  for  our  own  salvation,  and  that  salvation  in- 
cludes the  salvation  of  Holland,  Denmark,  Switzerland,  and  the  United 
States.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  Neutral  Countries  missed  a 
tremendous  opportunity.  Together,  acting  under  the  aegis  of  Uncle 
Sam,  with  his  hundred  million  children,  they  could  have  protested  in 
no  uncertain  terms  against  Prussianism  and  the  violation  of  every  prin- 
ciple dear  to  and  honored  by  them.  Prompt  action,  upon  the  heels 
of  such  a  protest,  would  have  ended  the  war  in  three  weeks.  Germany, 
swollen  with  insolence  and  beer,  has  perpetrated  blunders  in  strategy 
and  policy  of  which  she  now  is  reaping  the  fruits,  but  with  all  her  crass, 
pig-headed,  brutal  assurance  she  would  not  have  fought  a  whole  world 
in  arms  against  her. 

It  is  not  for  us  to  throw  stones  at  others.     We  are  far  too  busy  hurling 
shells  at  our  enemy.     But  the  question  will  be  answered  some  day: 
"Why  were  the  Neutrals  too  proud  to  fight?" 

HORACE  ANNESLEY  VACHELL. 


218 


219 


CENTRAL  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
University  of  California,  San  Diego 

DATE  DUE 


ur  cniiTuCnt.  orr 


D    000  969  734    3 


DEC  3  0  1976 


CI  39 


UCSD  Libr. 


